早实核桃保花保果技术研究

[目的]筛选出有效的早实核桃保花保果技术措施。[方法]以2年生早实优良品种云新核桃为试材，采用田间试验的方法，选择营养元素和激素等共7种，每种设置3种浓度梯度，以清水为对照，研究不同营养元素和激素对核桃坐果率的影响。[结果]喷施蔗糖可以显著提高核桃坐果率，当浓度达到3g／L时，坐果率达到29．9％；尿素浓度以5g/L为佳，核桃坐果率比对照提高60．4个百分点；KH2PO4浓度为1、3、5g/L时，核桃坐果率分别比对照提高20．2、3．O、25．0个百分点；硼砂喷施浓度5g/L效果较好，核桃坐果率可达51．2％，比对照提高36．0个百分点；GA3作为保果试剂效果不明显；2，4-D浓度为35mg／L时，核桃坐果率比对照提高11.9个百分点；油菜素喷施浓度以65mg／L效果较好。[结论]喷施蔗糖（3g／L）、尿素（5g／L）、KH2PO4（5g／L）、硼砂（5g/L）和2，4-D（35mg／L）均能明显提高坐果率，以尿素效果最为显著，喷施GA3和油菜素效果不明显。

Study on the Technique for Flower and Fruit Protecting of Early Bearing Walnut

[Objective] The effective measure of flower and fruit-protecting of walnut was screened out.[Method] The 2-year-old walnut variety—Yunxin being taken as the field experimental material,the effect of seven nutrient elements and hormones with three concentrations and water as the CK on the rate of fruit-setting of walnut was tested.[Results] The sugar-praying could significantly improve the rate of walnut fruit-setting and when its concentration was 3 g/L,the rate of fruit-setting was 29.9%.5 g/L of urea was the optimal treating concentration,which rate of fruit-setting of walnut was increased by 60.4% more than that of the CK.The rate of fruit-setting was 20.2,3.0 and 25% higher than those of the CK when the concentration of KH2PO4 was 1,3 and 5 g/L,respectively.The borax-spraying with the concentration of 5 g/L could raise 36% more than that of the CK with the rate of fruit-setting of 51.2%.GA3 did not show the obvious effect on it.2,4-D with the concentration of 35 mg/L could promote the rate of fruit-setting by 11.9% more than that of the CK.The best concentration of brassinolide-spraying was 65 mg/L.[Conclusion] The spraying of sugar(3 g/L),urea(5 g/L),KH2PO4(5 g/L),borax(5 g/L) and 2,4-D(35 mg/L) could significantly increase the rate of walnut fruit-setting and urea(5 g/L) showed the most significant effect and there was no significant effect from the treatment of GA3 and brassinolide-spraying.