国际遥感技术在自然灾害领域中的发展态势分析

遥感技术是20世纪60年代兴起的一种对地观测技术，近20年随着计算机和半导体激光器的快速发展得到了突飞猛进的发展。遥感技术因其概括性、宏观性、直观性等特点在自然灾害研究中应用广泛。笔者以SCIE和SSCI论文数据库为数据源，采用专业数据分析工具TDA(Thomson Data Analyzer)对1900年至2013年国际遥感技术在自然灾害研究中的发展特点及其现状进行分析。结果显示：国际遥感技术在自然灾害领域中的论文始于1974年，并呈现稳定增长的趋势，1999年以来发表论文增速明显加快，在自然灾害领域广泛应用；遥感技术主要应用于滑坡、干旱、气候变化、地震等自然灾害领域，遥感技术中的数据处理方法是遥感技术在自然灾害领域应用的研究热点和难点；美国、法国、英国、德国、意大利、加拿大和日本在该领域具有较大优势，中国和印度在发文数量方面具有较大优势，但在研究质量和学术影响力方面仍需大幅度提高。

Development Status of International Remote Sensing in Natural Disaster Research

Remote sensing is an earth observation technology which rose in the 1960s, and has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent 20 years with the rapid development of computer and semiconductor laser. It is widely used in natural disaster research because of its generality, macroscopic property and intuition. Based on the SCIE and SSCI database, the authors analyzed the development characteristics and status of international remote sensing application in the natural disaster research. The results showed that the international remote sensing technology first applied in the field of natural disaster in 1974, and presented a steady growth trend, the publishing of research papers was accelerated significantly since 1999, and the research results were widely used in the field of natural disasters. The remote sensing technology is mainly applied in the fields of landslides, drought, climate change, earthquakes and other natural disasters, and the data processing method in remote sensing technology was the hotspot and difficult point in the application of remote sensing technology in natural disaster research. USA, France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada and Japan had greater advantages in this field, China and India had great advantages in literature quantity, but still needed substantial improvement in the research quality and academic influence.