有机辅料对猪粪堆肥中氨气挥发的抑制效应及其影响因素分析

选取稻草、油菜秸秆和食用菌渣作为猪粪堆肥的有机辅料，研究三种堆肥体系中氨气挥发释放规律及其影响因素。结果表明，经过65 d的堆腐，稻草－猪粪、油菜秸秆－猪粪和菌渣－猪粪堆肥氨气挥发量分别为5.084、6.483和3.013 g/kg，是对照（纯猪粪）处理（7.836g/kg）的64.88%、82.74%和38.45%。从氨气的释放量和释放速率看，菌渣是一种较好的有机辅料。从氨气释放的时间变化特征看，稻草对猪粪堆肥氨气排放高峰期影响最为明显，主要表现为氨气前期猛烈释放且持续时间短，是猪粪快速腐熟技术优选的高效有机辅料。堆腐完成后，三种有机辅料均能减少水溶性NH4+-N的累积，增加水溶性NO3--N的含量，引起pH和EC值下降，提高堆肥全氮含量，促进堆肥有机物和粗纤维的降解，且以稻草和菌渣处理效果最为显著。

Inhibitory effect of auxiliary organic materials on ammonia volatilization in composting and the influencing factors

The straw, rape straw and mushroom residue were used as the auxiliary organic materials in the pig manure compost, and the characteristic of the ammonia volatilization and influencing factors was studied. The results showed that, the total amount of ammonia volatilization during the pig manure composting was 5.084, 6.483 and 3.013g/kg, when pig manure was mixed with straw, rape-straw and mushroom residue, respectively; which were 64.88%, 82.74% and 38.45% of the control experiment (7.836 g/kg) (pure pig manure compost) after 65 days of composting. If the quantity and velocity of the ammonia volatilization were considered, the mushroom residue was the most excellent auxiliary material. When considering the temporal aspects of the ammonia volatilization in the course of composting, the peak period was affected by straw addition significantly. The ammonia emitted fiercely in the pre-period, but the peak period was short, which suggested that the straw was an efficient organic auxiliary material for the fast compositing. After the compositing, the concentration of water-soluble NH₄⁺-N, pH and EC decreased, however, the content of water-soluble NO₃^--N and total nitrogen increased, and the decomposition of organic matters and coarse-fiber were also promoted with the addition of these three organic auxiliaries. The pig manure mixed with straw or mushroom residue was better than rape straw during composting.