生物炭对郑单958生理生化指标及产量的影响

采用大田试验,研究生物炭与氮肥配施对郑单958玉米子粒产量、不同生育时期SPAD值、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合特性及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响,明确生物炭对玉米生理生化指标与产量的效应。结果表明,不同炭氮施量处理中,正常施肥配施5 000 kg/hm~2生物炭处理表现出明显的优势,成熟期玉米叶片SPAD值和叶面积指数(LAI)分别比不施生物炭处理(对照)高46.22%和37.22%。正常施肥配施生物炭处理玉米的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于CK,且高施炭量处理明显高于低施炭量处理,有效提高了玉米叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的活性,延缓玉米衰老。添加生物炭处理郑单958产量最高可达12 076.35 kg/hm2,比对照增产10.23%,表现为穗长、穗粒数和百粒重的增加。

Effects of Biochar on Physiology and Biochemistry & Yield in Zhengdan958

Field experiments were carried out to research the interaction effects of biochar and nitrogenous fertilizer on the grain field of Zhengdan958, SPAD values at different growth stages, leaf area index(LAI), photosynthetic characteristics and the enzyme activities relatedto nitrogen metabolism. Ascertained the effects of biochar on maize physiological and biochemical indexes and yield. The results showed that the treatment of normal nitrogen fertilizers with 5 000 kg/ha biochar showed obvious advantages in different treatments ofbiochar and nitrogenfertilizer applications, the SPAD values and leaf area index(LAI) of maize were higher than the control with 46.22% and 37.22% respectively at mature stage. At the same time, the netphotosynthetic rate(Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of normal nitrogen fertilizationwith biochar application were higher than the control, and the treatment of high biochar was significantly higher than the low biochar; Effectively improved the activity of nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) in maize leaves, delaying maize senescence.Biochar made the yield of Zhengdan958 as high as 12 076.35 kg/ha, higher than the control by 10.23%, embodied in the increase of ear length, grain number per spike, and 100-grain weight.