籼型杂交稻亲本米质性状的遗传效应对比分析

选用3个不同米质类型的不育系粤丰 A、Y华农A和珍汕97A及其相应的保持系,分别与3个恢复系广恢998、广恢128和广恢96杂交构建27个正、反交F1,并以这些亲本与杂种F1为供试材料,对主要稻米品质性状进行了多重比较分析.结果表明,不育细胞质效应和母体效应均对杂种F1的米粒长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量(AC)有显著影响,且因质核互作效应的不同,存在组合的特异性;但对糙米率、整精米率和胶稠度的影响不显著;低垩白米率和低垩白度对高垩白米率和高垩白度具有部分显性作用,利用低垩白米率和低垩白度的不育系/保持系和恢复系(如广恢998)组配,可获得垩白米率和垩白度较低的杂种F1.亲本的整精米率高低直接影响其所配杂种F1的整精米率;低AC与低AC的双亲杂交,其F1的AC与低值亲本相同,高AC与低AC亲本或高AC与中等AC的亲本杂交,其F1的AC往往偏向高值亲本;在胶稠度方面,只有软胶稠度与软胶稠度亲本杂交,才能组配出软胶稠度的杂交稻.

Comparative analysis of parental lines in genetic effect on grain quality traits in Indica hybrid rice

Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines(CMS) Yue Feng A,Y Huanong A,and Zhen Shan 97A and their relative maintiner lines Yue Feng B,Y Huanong B and ZhenShan 97B,with diferent quality characers,were crossed with 3 restorer lines,R998,R128,R96,with diferent grain quality characers,respectively,and 27 crosses and reciprocal crosses obtained.By using these F1s and 3 maintainers and 3 restoer lines as materials,the genetic effect of the parental lines on grain quality traits of their hybrids were investigated through multiple comparisons analysis.The results showed that,there existed significant genetic effects of cytoplasmic and maternal effect on grain shape,chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and amylose content,with specificity resulted from interaction between WA-type cytoplasm and different nuclei in various hybrid combinations,while there was no significant effect on milled rice rate and gel consistenc.Low chalky grain rate and low chalkiness degree were dominant or partially dominant over high chalky grain rate and high chalkiness degree,respectively.To breed hybrids with low chalky grain rate and low chalkiness degree,both CMS lines and restorer lines with low chalky grain rate and low chalkiness degree are necessary.The magnitude of head rice recovery for both parental lines directly affect that of their hybrid F1.It was usually low in AC for the hybrid F1 derived from parental lines both had low amylose content.The hybrid F1 usually tend to have high value of AC as that of the high AC parent,when a high AC parent was crossed with a low AC one or crossed with a middle AC one.The hybrid F1 with soft gel cinsitancy can be only obtained under the condition of both parental lines having soft gel consistency.