山区乡村多功能发展与乡村聚落演变的耦合机理

探究山区乡村功能多元化与乡村聚落演变的耦合关系,对山区乡村振兴和乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。通过构建二者的耦合协调综合评价指标体系,利用耦合协调度模型和地理探测器等方法,以三峡库区腹地奉节县为研究区,定量探究了乡村功能多元化与乡村聚落演变的耦合关系及驱动机制,进而提出了相关建议。结果表明：1）研究区乡村功能多元化和乡村聚落演变综合指数呈上升趋势;两系统耦合协调度逐年增长,失调乡镇数量减少,在空间上呈现“西低东高,南低北高”的发展态势。2）乡村功能多元化与乡村聚落演变耦合协调度具有明显的空间集聚特征,高高集聚区域主要集中在永安街道等中心城镇的郊区。3）基于功能多元化综合指数与聚落演变综合指数的增减关系,该文将各乡镇归纳为活力型、衰退型、转型型和传统型4种耦合模式。4）人口密度、人均GDP、人类活动强度等社会经济因素是主要驱动因子,各因子间的交互作用大部分为非线性增强和双因子增强。该文的研究方法和研究结果可为其他地区进行相关研究以及制定差异化的村落振兴方案提供参考。

Coupling mechanism for rural multifunctional development and rural settlement evolution in mountainous areas of China

Rural society, economy, culture and ecology have undergone some significant changes in the transition period from high-speed growth to high-quality development in China, particularly with the rapid industrialization and urbanization. Among them, the rural settlement is one of the indictors in the rural socioeconomic activities, including their multifunctionality. Furthermore, the number, scale and shape of rural settlement vary greatly in the background of the transformation and development of rural society. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the coupling relationship between functional diversity and settlement evolution for the rural revitalization and sustainable development. In this study, a theoretical framework was firstly constructed for the functional diversity and rural settlement evolution in mountain areas. The study area was taken as the Fengjie County in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. 21 indicators were selected from the three dimensions of production, living and ecological function. Four indices of landscape pattern were selected as the indicators from four dimensions of area, shape, density and aggregation. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the composite index of rural functional diversity and rural settlement evolution. The coordination degree model, spatial autocorrelation model and elasticity coefficient model were combined to explore the coupling relationship between rural functional diversity and rural settlement evolution. Finally, the driving mechanism was determined using geo-detectors. The policy suggestions were also proposed, according to the regional conditions. The results show that: 1) The average composite indexes of rural functional diversity and rural settlement evolution increased from 0.22 to 0.28 and 0.18 to 0.26 during the study period, respectively, indicating a faster growth rate. The coupling coordination degree of the two systems increased year by year. The number of dysfunctional towns decreased with the patter of "low in the west and high in the east, low in the south and high in the north". 2) There was a positive correlation between rural functional diversity and the evolution of rural settlements at the township scale from 2000 to 2020. There were the outstanding spatial agglomeration. The high agglomeration areas were mainly concentrated in the outskirts of the central towns, such as Yong''an, Yu Fu and Kui Men Street. 3) According to the increase-decrease relationship of the composite index, the townships were categorized into four coupling modes: vibrant, declining, transforming and traditional type. 4) Socio-economic parameters (such as population density, per capita GDP, and intensity of human activity) were the main driving factors. Most of the interactions among the driving factors were nonlinearly and two-factor enhanced properties. The interactive driving factors with greater explanatory power were found in the land use degree/cultivated land area, number of rural employees/transportation convenience, human activity intensity/cultivated land area. Consequently, it is necessary to promote the positive interaction between rural functions and rural settlements in the process of rural revitalization. The adaptability of rural settlement transformation and development also need to improve for the sustainable and healthy rural development.