Diversity of macro-detritivores in dead wood is influenced by tree species,decay stage and environment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Melle (Gontrode), Belgium;2. Department of Ecological Science/Animal Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Jules Verne University of Picardie, UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS), 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France;5. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;6. Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;7. Institute of Ecology, FB02, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., D-28359 Bremen, Germany;8. UMR 1201 DYNAFOR, INRA, Chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, F-31326 Castanet, France;9. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université Bordeaux, F-33170 Gradignan, France;10. Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;11. Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Dept. Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA;2. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, Charlotte, NC, 28278, USA;3. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA;1. School of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China;2. School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China;1. Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 av. Président-Kennedy, Montreal, Qc H2X 1Y4, Canada;2. Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 2700 Einstein, Quebec, Qc G1P 3W8, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Diplopoda (millipedes) and Isopoda (woodlice) are among the most abundant macro-detritivores in temperate forests. These key regulators of plant litter decomposition are influenced by habitat and substrate quality, including that of dead wood. Dead wood provides shelter and resources to macro-detritivores, but the relative effects of tree species, wood decay stage, forest environment and their interactions on macro-detritivore communities are poorly known. To unravel these effects, we combined a reciprocal field incubation experiment and direct field sampling to compare the Diplopoda and Isopoda communities in logs of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) in two contrasting sites in terms of soil texture, pH, fertility and microclimate. We found: (1) a curvilinear relationship between wood decay stage and abundance of Diplopoda and Isopoda, by using wood density as a measure for the decay stage; (2) the pH of dead wood was a good predictor of wood decay stage in a site with pH close to neutrality but not in an acidic site; (3) Diplopoda and Isopoda community composition on different tree species converged during the decay process, consequently tree species are more important in the substrate selection of macro-detritivores at the beginning of their dead wood decomposition; (4) tree species, the growing environment of the trees and the decomposition environment of the logs strongly determined Diplopoda and Isopoda community composition in dead wood, these drivers of macro-detritivore communities interacted with each other and with the wood decay stage. Thus, when trying to understand and predict future patterns of macro-detritivore diversity under regimes of changing land-use and climate, these interactions should be taken into account. An important next step will be to quantify the feedback of macro-detritivore community composition to dead wood decomposition itself. This feedback may be better understood from the combination of (1) the complex interactions of tree species, wood decay stage and forest environment on the macro-detritivore community and (2) the functional traits of these macro-detritivore species. A better knowledge about these feedbacks can help in predicting carbon storage and nutrient cycling functions of dead wood in forests differing or changing in tree species composition and abiotic environment. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity Decomposition Diplopoda Forest Isopoda Millipede Woodlouse Woody debris |
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