高产高糖适合机械化生产的甘蔗新品种桂糖42号的选育(英文)

[目的]培育高产、高糖、抗倒伏、适合机械化生产的甘蔗新品种,为广西和中国甘蔗糖业的可持续发展提供良种和技术支持。[方法]以ROC22为母本、桂糖92-66为父本进行甘蔗有性杂交育种,采用"五圃制"选育程序,经过区域试验和生产试验综合考察甘蔗新品种桂糖04-1001(桂糖42号)的形态特征和生产特性。[结果]桂糖42号植株高大,中大茎,易脱叶;出苗较好,分蘖力中等,成茎率高;中抗黑穗病,高抗花叶病和梢腐病,抗旱性强,宿根性好。"五圃制"历年选育平均蔗茎产量为95.06～108.87 t/hm~2,比对照增产11.3%～14.1%;平均糖产量为15.11～16.85 t/hm~2,比对照增产16.0%~18.9%。2011～2012年区域试验平均蔗茎产量101.7 t/hm~2、产糖量15.03 t/hm~2、蔗糖分14.46%,分别比对照增加9.26%、14.45%和0.66个百分点。2012年生产试验中,平均蔗茎产量为88.62 t/hm~2,比ROC22增产7.9%。2013年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,并于2014年入选广西甘蔗良种繁育体系十大主推品种目录。[结论]桂糖42号为早熟、高产、高糖、宿根好、抗倒能力强,综合性状优良的甘蔗新品种,适合在中国南方蔗区推广应用。

Selection of New Sugarcane Variety Guitang 42 with High Yield and High Sugar Content and Suitable for Mechanized Production

Objective] This study was conducted to provide and promote high-yield, high-sugar, high-lodging resistance cane varieties and change the situation of single-ness of sugarcane variety in Guangxi. [Method] The variety, Guitang 04-1001 (Gui-tang 42), a progeny of the cross ROC22 ×Guitang 92-66, was bred and evaluated in the aspects of morphological characteristics and production characteristics through the breeding program of a five-nursery-system protocol by both regional and produc-tion trials. [Results] Under many years of experiments, Guitang 42 was shown with high stalk, medium to large stalk diameter, easy stripping, good germination, medi-um til ering ability, and more population of mil able stalks; and high resistance to mosaic and pokkah boeng, medium resistance to smut, high drought tolerance, and good ratooning ability. During the five-nursery-system procedure, the average of cane and sugar yield was 95.06-108.87 t/hm2 and 15.11-16.85 t/hm2, which were higher than CK by 11.3%-14.1% and 16.0%-18.9%, respectively. In the regional tri-al in 2011 and 2012, the achieved cane yield of 101.7 t/hm2, sugar yield of 15.03 t/hm2 and sucrose contents of 14.46% were higher than CK by 9.26%, 14.45% and 0.66%, respectively. In the production trial in 2012, the average cane yield was 88.62 t/hm2, which was higher than ROC22 by 7.9%. Guitang 42 was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013 and elected to Guangxi Top 10 sugarcane commercial variety in 2014. [Conclusion] Guitang 42 has the characteris-tics of early maturity, high yield, high sugar content, good ratooning ability, and high resistance to lodging (i.e., good comprehensive traits), and could be popularized in south sugarcane regions in China.