微量元素对玉米缩二脲毒害的缓解作用(英文)

采用盆栽试验研究了施用微量元素对玉米缩二脲毒害的影响,为脲基复合肥的生产改进和降低缩二脲毒害提供理论指导。结果表明,含2%和4%缩二脲的脲基复合肥对玉米幼苗有明显的毒害作用,使玉米幼苗植株矮小、生物量降低,且随肥料中缩二脲含量的增加玉米受到的毒害作用更加明显。配施5%的螯合锌和0.4%的硼砂可以明显缓解肥料中缩二脲的毒害,含2%缩二脲的脲基复合肥在配施微量元素以后,玉米幼苗毒害完全消除;而含4%缩二脲的脲基复合肥配施微量元素后,毒害得到一定程度的缓解,但未能完全消除。此外,若脲基复合肥配施2%氨基酸会促进根系对缩二脲的吸收,加剧缩二脲的毒害。总之,含高浓度缩二脲的脲基复合肥配施一定量的锌和硼可以降低缩二脲的毒害,建议在玉米生产上施用脲基肥料时,缩二脲最好控制在2%以内,并配施适量微量元素。

Alleviation Effect of Trace Elements Application on Biuret Phytotoxicity of Maize

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of trace elements on the biuret toxicity of maize, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for improving the urea-based compound fertilizer production and reducing the biuret toxicity. The results showed that the compound fertilizer with 2% and 4% biuret caused obvious toxicity on the maize. The plant became short, and the biomass decreased, and the toxicity phenomenon of maize would become more obvious when the biuret level increased. Application of 5% EDTA-Zn and 0.4% B could reduce the toxicity of bi-uret in fertilizers. The toxicity would be eliminated completely when the level of bi-uret was 2% in compound fertilizers, while the toxicity effects of 4% biuret was just al eviated to a certain extent. In addition, application of 2% amino acids with urea-based compound fertilizer could promote root absorption of biuret, and increase the biuret toxicity. In conclusion, the urea compound fertilizers with high biuret concen-trations should be applied with appropriate trace elements to reduce the biuret dam-age. It was suggested that the biuret content in the complex fertilizers for maize should be control ed below 2%, and appropriate trace elements should be applied at the same time.