衣分不同陆地棉品种的产量及产量构成因素的遗传分析

选用衣分不同的陆地棉品种配置组合，率先将主基因-多基因联合世代分析与双列杂交试验分析相结合，分别从单个和整体基因水平上对棉花产量及产量构成因素进行了遗传研究。对2个高×低衣分组合的主基因-多基因6世代联合分析结果表明，各产量性状至少在1个组合中检测到主基因的存在，说明产量性状主基因存在的普遍性。由2个组合各产量性状的主基因、多基因遗传率比较得出，产量性状的主基因遗传率比多基因遗传率在不同组合间趋势变化相对较稳定；各性状在2个组合中的主基因、多基因遗传率分量不完全相同。衣分、铃重和籽指在2个组合中分别以主基因遗传为主和以多基因遗传为主；子棉产量和皮棉产量在2个组合中均以主基因遗传为主；衣指在组合I中以多基因遗传为主，在组合II中属于典型的多基因遗传；单株铃数在组合I中属于典型的主基因遗传，在组合II中以多基因遗传为主。双列杂交结果表明，陆地棉产量及产量构成因素都有较高的遗传主效应方差，产量性状受加性效应和显性效应共同控制，其中，衣分、衣指以加性效应为主；子棉产量、铃重和籽指以显性效应为主；皮棉产量和单株铃数以加性和显性效应为主。衣分和衣指的普通广义遗传率和普通狭义遗传率均最高，与联合世代分析两性状的总遗传率平均值结果趋势一致。相关和通径分析一致表明，产量构成因素中单株铃数对皮棉产量的贡献最大，衣分次之，铃重最小。

Quantitative Inheritance of Yield and Its Components in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars with Varied Lint Percentages

Improving cotton yield is still the main goal of present cotton breeding; it is meaningful for studying the genetics of cotton yield traits for yield breeding. Lint percentage is one of the important yield components, and plenty of data show that the raising of cotton yield has close relation with lint percentage improvement. At the same time, the different levels of correlation is exist between lint percentage and other yield traits, yield components and fiber quality characters. Therefore, the inheritance re-search of lint percentage and its related traits is very important. In this paper, major-polygene jointing generations analyses were first combined with diailel cross experiment analyses to investigate the genetics of yield and its components in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at single and whole gene levels, respectively, by making crosses using cultivars with different lint per-centages. Joint analyses of six generations were performed in the genetics of yield traits in two high×low lint percentage crosses, using the method of major gene-polygene mixed inheritance model. The major genes controlling each of yield traits were always detected at least in one cross, indicating that the major genes controlling yield Waits existed generally. The comparison of major gene and polygene heritability for all traits between two crosses showed major gene heritability had more stable tendency than polygene heritability. Heritability proportion of each Wait was different between two crosses. Lint percentage, boll weight and seed index were mainly controlled by major gene and polygene in the two crosses, respectively; seed yield and lint yield were mainly controlled by major gene in the two crosses; lint index was mainly controlled by polygene in cross Ⅰ and belonged to typical poly-gene inheritance in cross Ⅱ; bolls per plant belonged to typical major gene inheritance in cross Ⅰ and was mainly controlled by polygene in cross Ⅱ. The diallel cross results indicated that yield and its components of upland cotton had always higher variance of major genetic effects, and the yield traits were controlled by additive effects and dominant effects altogether. In which, lint percentage and lint index were mainly controlled by additive effects; seed yield, Boll weight and seed index were mainly con-trolled by dominant effects; lint yield and bolls per plant were mainly controlled by additive effects and dominant effects. Both common broad heredity and common narrow heredity of lint percentage and lint index were always the highest, which had also the highest average value of total heritability in joint generations analyses. Among yield components, bolls per plant had the most contribution to lint yield, the second contribution from lint percentage, and the least contribution from boll weight. Our studies might provide some theoretical foundation for further elucidating the heredity rule and inheritance mode of major gene-polygene of yield and its components in upland cotton, as well as for adopting appropriate breeding strategy to improve cotton yield.