我国杉木无性系选育的成就、问题和对策

经过几十年的科学研究, 我国的杉木无性系选育取得了重大进展, 涉及杉木的生长、形质、抗病和抗虫等方面, 选育了若干优良无性系, 区域化试验的结果揭示杉木无性系与环境存在明显的互作。但是高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育也面临不少问题, 主要是生长与材性, 生长与抗逆性间存在负的遗传相关, 以及无性繁殖中的退化问题等。文中提出了对这一系列问题的解决办法, 讨论出了高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育的方案和技术路线, 并对当前杉木无性系选育中的一些问题提出了对策。

Achievements,Problems and Countermeasures of Clonal Selection and Breeding of Chinese Fir in China

Great progress has been made in clonal selection and breeding of Chinese fir through the cooperative researches in the past decades.In this paper,the authar briefly reviewes the major achievements including clonal variation and clonal selection,asexual propagation and clonal forestry that mainly involves improvement of growth,shape and quality,diseaseresistant,pest-resistant,and so on.Many fine clones has been evaluated and chosen out.Regional tests of multiplace plantations showed that the interaction between clonal genotype and environment is more obvious.Selection and breeding of Chinese fir clones having higher productivity,better quality and multiple resistances was faced with difficulties,i.e:(1)negative genetic correlation between growth and wood property;(2)negative genetic correlation between growth and resistance;(3)the problem as "degeneration "in asexual propagation,and so on.Here solving measures aiming at a series of questions above are put forward: research schemes and technique route about selection and breeding clones having higher productivity,better quality and multiple resistances are drawn up.Some countermeasures about some main problems existing in clonal forestry of Chinese fir are put forward.