Crop sequence,crop protection and fertility management effects on weed cover in an organic/conventional farm management trial |
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| Authors: | MD Eyre CNR Critchley C Leifert SJ Wilcockson |
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| Institution: | 1. Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK;2. ADAS UK Ltd, NEFG Offices, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK;1. Department of Agronomy and Organic Farming, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;2. Privates Institut für Nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung GmbH, Reilstr. 128, 06114 Halle/Saale, Germany;3. Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Ökologischen Landbau und Pflanzenbausysteme, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;1. Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK;2. Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK;3. ADAS UK Ltd, c/o Newcastle University, NEFG Offices, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield, Northumberland NE43 7XD, UK;4. ADAS UK Ltd, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB23 4NN, UK;5. Blackshaw Research & Consultancy, Parade, Chudleigh, Devon, TQ13 0JF, UK;1. Division of Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercially Important Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur- 176 061, HP, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IHBT, Post Box No. 6, Palampur- 176 061, HP, India;1. INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France;2. Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS—Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France;3. Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121, Agronomie et Environnement, BP 172, 54500 Vandoeuvre, France;4. LTER (Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre), Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France;1. Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Institute for Crop Production and Grassland Research, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;1. University of Gastronomic Science, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele, 9, 12060 Bra, Cuneo, Italy;2. Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Florence, P. le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy;3. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo, Via della Navicella, 2, 00184 Roma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A survey of 128 plots, in 2008, of a trial where the effects of crop protection can be separated from those of fertility management, generated weed cover data within six crops (winter wheat, winter barley, spring barley, potatoes, cabbages and a grass/clover ley). The effects of the 2008 crop types, of the two preceding crops and of organic and conventional crop protection and fertility management, were assessed using mixed-effects models and constrained ordination. Cover data for 22 weed species and for monocotyledon, dicotyledon, annual, perennial and total weed cover were used. Cover of 15 weed species, and of the five weed groups, was significantly affected by 2008 crops, with cover highest in spring beans and cabbage. Nine and four weed species 2008 cover were significantly related to crops grown in 2007 and 2006 respectively, as were dicotyledon, annual and total weed cover, but not monocotyledon or perennial cover. Cover of 15 species, and the five groups, was significantly higher in plots with organic crop protection, but only eight species and annuals were significantly affected by fertility management. Crop:crop protection produced the most significant interactions with most cover in organically managed plots. Five species, perennials and total weed cover produced significant three-factor models. The greatest weed cover was in organic crop protected but conventionally fertilised spring barley and the least in totally conventional winter barley. Other factors such as crop density and mechanical weeding also affected 2008 weed cover. The ordination indicated that most of the 22 species were strongly associated with crops from all three years. The sequence of crops in the rotation had a profound effect on weed cover. Where three spring-sown, difficult to weed, crops were grown in sequence (spring beans, potatoes and vegetables, spring barley) weed cover increased. However, cover was limited in grass/clover and some cereal plots with different preceding crops. Models predicting weed cover may need to take into account crop sequences within crop rotations, as well as the more usual management inputs. |
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