Growth and yield of spring cereals during transition to zero tillage on clay soils |
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| Authors: | Hannu Känkänen Laura Alakukku Yrjö Salo Timo Pitkänen |
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| Institution: | 1. MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, DK 8830, Denmark;2. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia;1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;2. Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA;3. Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;4. Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA;5. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA;1. University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Polizu Street No. 1‐7, Bucharest, Romania;2. RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany;3. Faculty of Chemistry, St. Kliment Ohridsky, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd. 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria;4. Scientific Applied Centre of Military Epidemiology and Hygiene, Military Medical Academy, 3 St. Georgi Sofiiski Str., 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria;1. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia;2. Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia;3. Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia;1. Protection of the Soil, Plant and Water System Department, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, E 41012 Sevilla, Spain;2. Lipid Characterization and Quality Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, E 41012 Sevilla, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Due to the high cost of fuel and labour associated with conventional tillage, and because of their advantageous environmental consequences, interest in reduced and zero tillage systems has increased. Direct drilling into zero tilled (ZT) soil of two spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (six-rowed Rolfi and two-rowed Saana), spring oats (Avena sativa L., cultivar Roope), and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Kruunu) was compared with conventional tillage (CT) and drilling into ploughed soil. Two field experiments were conducted on clay soils (clay content > 50%) between latitudes 60° and 61° N. Seed and fertilizer were placed in the same row in ZT and in separate rows in CT. Oats was the most productive spring cereal species in ZT. Establishment of spring wheat was often poor. Barley was most vulnerable to water surplus during early growth and drought during late growth. High levels of crop residues caused problems in soil drying in spring and growth of monocultures of oats and wheat. A higher seeding rate was advantageous in zero tilled clay soil. The substantial grain yield decrease suggests need for improving ZT.Long-term trials are required to determine whether ZT suits clay soils as soil structure can change over time and weather conditions play a major role in the productivity of differently tilled soils. |
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