大气污染对欧洲森林的影响

综述了近10年来欧洲大气污染对森林影响的有关研究结果，主要阐述了以下3方面的问题:（1）大气污染物对森林的直接和间接作用，直接作用是指大气污染物直接与林冠（叶子）接触、交换而带来林冠生理、生态功能的改变；间接作用是指通过对土壤化学、微生物特性的影响，从而影响森林生长。（2）森林生态系统对大气污染的反应，即森林在受较长时间的大气污染影响之下而产生的生长特点、地被物组成等方面的改变。（3）今后研究的主要方面。

The Impact of Air Pollution on the European Forests

The industrial revolution in the 19^th century had brought the environmental catastrophe for the Europe,which almost resulted in the disappearance of the original forests in the whole European continent.Again,the phenomena of forest decline such as defoliation,discoloration,susceptibility to the environmental change, etc.appeared in the recent two decades in many European countries have sounded an alarm to the people.It is still needed to pay much attention to the problem of forest wealth and environmental change(pollution).There are many aspects cause the phenomena of forest decline in the Europe today,which include natural factors such as climatic change,natural diseases and insects,as well as anthropogenic factors such as air pollution, these factors individually or together effect on forests and cause the stresses to the forest growth.As these stresses increase with the time,some phenomena of forest decline with ending of death appear obviously.This paper summaries the studies on forest decline and the studies on the effects of air pollution on the forests in Europe in the last decade, and the following three aspects are highlighted:(1)the direct and indirect impacts of the air pollutants on the forests, direct impact means the physiological and ecological function changes of forest canopy(leaves) caused by direct contact with pollutants,and indirect impact means the effect through soil chemical and microbiological properties changes(soilmediated);(2)the forest ecosystem responds to the air pollution,e.g.the changes of forest characteristics due to the long term air pollution;and (3)the main study topics in the future.