新疆近45年气象灾害及其防御措施

气象灾害不仅给新疆经济和人民生命财产造成严重损失,而且成为影响新疆国民经济发展的一大制约因素.利用1960-2004年的气象资料,就新疆近45年来发生的洪旱灾害、大风及沙尘暴灾害、冰雹灾害等变化情况,通过时间序列进行了线性拟合,以图表的方式进行了分析和描绘,指出这几种主要气象灾害的变化趋势,并提出了一些长远和近期的气象灾害防御措施及对策.

Study on the Change of Meteorological Disasters and the Prevention Measures in Xinjiang since Recent 45 Years

Located in an inland arid region,Xinjiang has the complicated natural conditions,so the ecology and environment are very fragile,and the capability of preventing and controlling disasters is low.Disasters can be divided into natural and artificial disasters.In the natural disasters,the proportion of meteorological disasters is high.According to the united national statistics,there are 7 kinds of meteorological disasters in 10 kinds of natural disasters,and they result in the serious losses all over the world every year.Atmospheric change generates the different kinds of weather phenomena,i.e.,the meteorological disasters resulting in the direct or indirect losses of human and animal life and impacting the construction of national economy.In Xinjiang,meteorological disasters not only cause the serious economic loss and people life loss,but also have become as one kind of factors restricting the local and regional economic development,especially in recent years,because more economic activities accelerate the occurrence of meteorological disasters to a certain extent.Based on the meteorological data in Xinjiang during the period of 1960-2004,in this paper the change of main meteorological disasters,such as flood,drought,gale,sandstorm and hail in Xinjiang in recent 45 years,are analyzed,and the change trends of these meteorological disasters are predicted.Moreover,some long-term and short-term measures are put forward for preventing these meteorological disasters.