近48年来渭北旱塬气候变化对苹果生长的影响

通过咸阳、渭南、宝鸡及铜川渭北地区1960-2007年月平均气温和月平均降水资料，及陕西渭北旱塬地区苹果生长期的相关气象资料。运用Excel分析近48年来苹果生长物候期：萌芽期（2-3月）、开花期（4月）、果实膨大期（5-8月）、果实着色期（9月）、果实成熟期（10月）的平均气温及降水量变化。研究表明：陕西渭北旱塬气温的变化趋势基本上同全国气温的变化趋势一致。近48年来渭北旱塬地区气温总体呈上升趋势，而降水量减少。这种气候变化趋势使得同一时期不同年份的平均气温和降水量对苹果生长期的影响有所不同。（1）萌芽期低温少水，使得果树解除休眠期、叶芽、花芽萌动和开花等物候期有了明显的不同。（2）开花期气温的变化影响最大。（3）果实膨大期气温和降水量的变化直接影响苹果数量。（4）果实着色期低温，天气晴好，降水量少有利于果实着色。（5）果实成熟期气温高，降水量少有利于果实成熟采收。

The Influence of Climate Change on Apple Growth in Weibei Dry Highland for Last 48 Years

According to the average temperature and average data of pricipition in years of 1960-2007 in city of Xian yang,wei nan,Bao ji,Tong chuang and the area of weibei ,and long period of climate data about apple growth in drought plateau in wei bei area.We analized the temperature and average precipitation data in the late period of the apple grouth that embryonic growth period(februery-Match),flowering period(April),fruit expansion(May-August),the fruil shading period(September), fruit maturity (October)in the past 48 years with the excel,The result of stady showed that the trend of climate change in drought Plateau in weibei shaan xi was basically in accordence with the national trend.Generally,the tempreture in weibei was soaring up,but the rainfall declining in a row in the past 48 years. This trend of climate change made the impact of the average temperature and rainfall on Apple's growing season was different.(1)The lack of water for embryonic low-temperature made the period of the lifting of dormant fruit trees, leaf, flower bud sprout and flowering different. (2)Temperature change have the greatest impact on the flowering period.(3)The temperature and rainfall in the period of fruit enlargement have directly impact on the number of apple.(4)In the period of fruit coloring,low tempreture,good weather,little rainfall is good for it.(5)In the period of fruit maturity, high tempreture and litlle rainfall is good for harvesting the fruits of maturity.