当归开花授粉特性和繁育系统的研究

通过对当归（Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels）定点定株观察,运用花粉-胚珠比﹑杂交指数、联苯胺-过氧化氢法、人工授粉和套袋试验等方法,对当归的开花状态及繁育系统进行了研究。结果显示：当归花各部形态和数量存在普遍的变异现象,雌雄蕊出现异熟现象,为雄蕊先熟。单花花期为4～5 d,依其形态和雌雄性功能表达可分为6个时期：蕾期、开花前期、雄性期、两性期、雌性期和谢花期。当归在开花第3天的花粉活力最强,相差1天后的柱头可授性达到了最强。授粉实验结果显示其不存在无融合生殖现象,同时按照杂交指数,P∕O比,当归的繁育系统最终可归结为以异交为主,部分自交,异交需要传粉者。

Flowering characteristics and breeding system of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.)Diels

By fixed point and fixed line observation of Angelica sinensis （Oliv.）Diels, and the use of pollen - ovule ratio , hybrid Index, benzidine- hydrogen peroxide method, artificial pollination and bagging experiment method, this paper studied the flowering status and breeding of Angelica systems. The results showed there is widespread variation phenomenon in shape and quantity of the various parts of Angelica Flower , pistil and stamen maturation phenomenon occurs, for protandry. Single Flower period of 4-5d, according to their morphology and expression of male and female sexual function , can be divided into six periods： bud stage, flowering early, male phase, gender period, female flowering period and Withering. pollen vigor is the strongest in the 3rd day of blossoming of the Chinese angelica, after the day , stigma receptivity is the strongest.Pollination experiments showed there is no phenomenon of apomixis about Angelica , meanwhile according to hybrid index, P / O ratio, Angelica of the breeding system ultimately can be attributed to outcrossing mainly, part of the selfing, outerossing need pollinators.