皖西大别山北坡水土流失与生态修复

皖西大别山北坡位于我国亚热带和暖温带之间的过渡地带,属于生态交错带(Ecotone),具有脆弱性、敏感性和反馈调节机制弱、稳定性较差等特征,水土流失严重。该区水土保持和生态修复对淠史杭灌溉工程的安全和效益的发挥、淮河防洪、巢湖水污染治理等有十分重要的意义。该区经济落后、财力有限,但其生态自我修复能力较强,因此,实施生态修复是解决水土流失治理缓慢的最有效途径。当前生态修复应抓好以下方面:实施生态移民,积极稳妥地开展退耕还林工作;统筹规划,线面结合,抓好小流域治理;动员全社会的力量共同关注和行动;积极发展山区小水电;以治理促开发,以开发促保护,实现综合效益。

Soil and Water Loss and Ecological Restoration on North Hillside of Dabie Mountain in West Anhui Province

The north slope of Dabie Mountain is located in a climatic transitional zone, at which semi-tropical conditions give way to temperate conditions. The area is a fragile and sensitive ecotone, which is characterized by weak feedback relationships that tend toward instability. There is considerable soil and water loss in the area. Soil and water conservation and ecological restoration may contribute to the functioning of irrigation works at Pi-Shi-Hang, prevent flooding of the Huai River and reduce the pollution of Chao Lake. Implementing ecological restoration is an optimal approach to restore water and soil quality in degraded areas. It is proposed that the program of ecological restoration of the north slope of Dabie Mountain include: ecological reconstruction involving land use change from tillage to woodland; integrated land and water use across the small watershed; efforts to encourage collective attention and action; construction of a small power station; and an aim to make conservation facilitate development and vice versa, so that the nature, the economy and society are managed harmoniously.