长三角某城镇典型小流域水体抗生素的污染分布特征

为探讨城镇流域水体抗生素的污染分布特征,以宁波北仑芦江流域为研究对象,应用固相萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测地表水中四环素类(TCs)、氯霉素类(CPs)、喹诺酮类(FQs)、大环内酯类(MLs)和磺胺类(SAs)5类抗生素的污染水平,分析其分布特征和可能的来源,并通过计算风险商进行生态风险评估。结果表明:芦江流域共有14种抗生素检出,其中TCs和CPs抗生素检出率和检出浓度最高;TCs抗生素检出率为96.9%,浓度范围为27.10~133.0 ng·L~(-1);CPs抗生素检出率为86.5%,浓度范围为13.00~219.0 ng·L~(-1)。TCs、CPs和FQs抗生素主要集中在农业区和工业区,污水排放为水体中抗生素的主要来源,包括农业源和工业源,以及生活源;MLs和SAs抗生素主要集中在生活区,相关污水来源主要为生活源。城市化程度较低的农业区抗生素浓度要高于城市化程度较高的工业区和生活区。生态风险评估结果显示,所检测出的抗生素处于高风险等级、中等风险等级、低风险等级、无风险等级的比例为5∶3∶3∶3,表明芦江流域部分水体中抗生素的污染具有较高的生态风险。

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in the surface water of a typical urban river in the Yangtze River Delta

Solid-phase extraction(SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) were used to quantify five groups of antibiotics, which were tetracyclines(TCs), chloramphenicols(CPs), fluoroquinolones(FQs), macrolides(MLs), and sulfonamides(SAs), in the surface water of Lujiang River, Ningbo, a heavily industrialized and urbanized region in East China. The major aim of this study was to investigate the discharge of antibiotics, their potential distribution via non-point sources pollution(e.g. poultry farms), and the ecological risk to the river. A total of 14 antibiotics were detected in the surface water samples. The results indicated that the occurrence of antibiotic residues was widespread across the study site. Furthermore, TCs and CPs had the highest detection rates and concentration levels among the 14 antibiotics. The detection rate for TCs in the surface water reached 96.9% and the concentration range was from 27.10 ng·L^-1 to 133.0 ng·L^-1. The detection rate for CPs in the surface water reached 86.5% and the concentration range was from 13.00 ng·L^-1 to 219.0 ng·L^-1. The TCs, CPs, and FQs mainly occurred in the agricultural and industrial areas, and the non-point pollution sources were agricultural discharges, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. The MLs and SAs mainly occurred in domestic household areas, and the major non-point source was domestic sewage. The concentration of antibiotics in the domestic household area and the industrial area was lower than in the suburban agriculture area. Therefore, these results indicated that the antibiotic levels in the suburbs were higher than in the city area. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the risk of heavy, medium, low and safety pollution levels occurring were 5:3:3:3. Therefore, the analyses undertaken in this study suggested that approximately 50.0% of the areas had a high ecological risk due to antibiotics.