氮肥运筹对超级稻库源关系、干物质积累及产量的影响

以"扬两优6号"和"新两优6号"两个超级稻品种为材料,在总施氮(尿素)量600 kg/hm~2条件下,研究了氮肥运筹方式对超级稻库源关系、干物质积累及产量的影响,以期为超级稻高氮肥用量的情况下合理运筹氮肥提供依据。结果表明:与氮肥全部作为基肥施用(对照)相比,氮肥施用后移,使超级稻分蘖数减少、成穗率提高;齐穗期有效叶面积提高,库源关系协调;中后期干物质积累显著增加,产量显著提高。其中,两个品种均是基肥︰分蘖肥︰促花肥︰保花肥︰粒肥为3︰1︰1︰1︰0的处理产量最高,分别较对照增产22.86%、27.15%,增产均达极显著水平;重施分蘖肥处理(基肥、分蘖肥各占50%)的产量最低,分别较对照减产7.69%、6.32%,减产分别达极显著、显著水平。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Source-sink Relationship, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Super Hybrid Rice

Effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship and dry matter accumulation and yield of Yangliangyou6 and Xinliangyou6 are studied. The total nitrogen fertilizer (600kg/ hm2urea) was divided into several applications. The results indicate that to postponing N application the tiller number was reduced and panicle bearing tiller rate was increased, the effective leaf area of full heading date were increased, the source-sink relationship was coordinated, the dry matter accumulation of middle period and final stage were significantly increased, yield of rice were significantly increased, which compared with the treatment of all the fertilizer was applied as basal fertilizer. Among all of the tested nitrogen application modes, the treatment with a ratio of basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spikelet-promoting fertilizer: spikelet-protecting fertilizer: grain fertilizer at 3:1:1:1:0 had the highest grain yield, the yield of Yangliangyou6 and Xinliangyou6 higher 22.86% and 27.15% than of the control ,respectively, while that with a ratio at 1:1:0:0:0 had the lowest grain yield, lower 7.69% and 6.32% than of the control, respectively.