耕作措施对土壤特性及作物产量的影响

通过夏玉米田间试验研究了不同耕作措施及秸秆覆盖对土壤特性、水分状况、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响。试验处理包括常规耕作、深松、秸秆覆盖、垄作、浅坑及免耕。结果表明，秸秆覆盖可显著提高土壤蓄水量、作物产量及水分利用效率。其保水增产效果在干旱年份更加明显。深松可有效打破犁底层降低其密度，可增加作物根深、根长及根重，提高作物产量和水分利用效率。免耕可提高夏玉米早期田间土壤含水率，保持相同产量。

Effects of Soil Management on Soil Properties and Crop Yield

This paper investigated the effects of various tillage and straw mulch on soil properties, soil water status and crop yield of summer maize through field experiments. Treatments included conventional tillage, subsoiling, straw mulch, tied ridges, shallow pits surface and no tillage. Straw mulch to summer maize significantly increased soil water storage,crop yield and water use efficiency compared with non mulch treatment. Subsoiling effectively disrupted the plough pan and decreased the soil bulk density resulting in increase of the length,depth and mass of crop root,the yield of summer maize and water use efficiency following subsoiling increased. No tillage showed the benefit of reducing evaporation resulting in higher soil water content at the establishment stage of maize and produced no yield reduction.