灌浆期地下水位对小麦产量及构成因素的影响

为了明确江汉平原小麦灌浆期合适的地下水位,给小麦生产的农田排水降渍提供理论依据,试验在小麦灌浆期,利用测筒装置研究了7个不同地下水埋深(0、15、30、45、60、75、90cm)对郑麦9023与鄂麦23二个小麦品种的产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明,0、15、30、45、60cm地下水埋深显著降低了二小麦品种的产量,而75cm和90cm地下水埋深对二小麦品种产量没有明显的影响,说明江汉平原地区小麦的适宜地下水埋深应控制在75cm。灌浆期地下水位造成小麦湿害的主要原因是小麦千粒质量和穗粒数的显著下降,而与小麦有效穗数无关。进一步分析表明,鄂麦23小麦品种比郑麦9023小麦品种耐湿。

Effects of Water Table during Grain Filling on Wheat Yield and Its Component

In order to examine the suitable water table for wheat during the stage of grain filling in Jianghang plain,two winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) c.v.Zhengmai 9023 and Emai 23 was selected to study the effects of different water table(0,15,30,45,60,75,and 90 cm up to the soil surface) during grain filling on wheat yield and its component based on test-pit experiment.The results showed that the yields of two wheat cultivar was severely decreased by 0,15,30,45 and 60 cm water table and that the yields of two wheat cultivar was not effected dramatically by 75 cm and 90 cm water table,indicating that the suitable water table for wheat in Jianghan plain during wheat grain filling was 75 cm.From the analysis of yield component,the yield decline of those water table treatments was due to significant decrease in 1000-grain weight and grain number per ear and was unrelated with the number of effective heads.Furthermore,the waterlogging tolerance of Emai 23 was higher than that of Zhengmai 9023.