山西省审定大豆品种主要农艺性状、产量及品质的演变分析

本文对山西省1973-2017年间审定的84份大豆品种的主要农艺性状、产量和品质的演变进行了分析。结果表明：生育期、株高和主茎节数以1980年代最高，而后逐渐降低，2010年后略有回升。单株荚数以1990年代最高。随着年代推进，在分枝数和单株荚数下降的情况下，由于百粒重的持续增加，单产也随之增加。平均产量由1970年代的1 992.5 kg/hm2提升到2010年后的2 964.34 kg/hm2，提高了48.8%。蛋脂含量以2010年后育成品种最高，主要是蛋白质含量的增加。在山西省审定的大豆品种中，有限结荚习性大豆所占比例持续增长，但还是以亚有限结荚习性为主，无限结荚习性大豆1990年代所占比例最高，随后下降。圆形和椭圆形叶片比例有所下降，而披针叶和卵圆叶比例有所增加，主要在于后者能够更合理利用光能。

Evolution analysis of major agronomic traits,yield and quality of soybean varieties of Shanxi Province

In this paper, the evolution of main agronomic traits, yield and quality of 84 soybean varieties released in Shanxi Province from 1973 to 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that the growth period, plant height and main stem, reached the highest in 1980s and then gradually reduced, but slightly increased after 2010. The pod number reached the highest in 1990s. As the years progress, the yields had increased with the continued increase of 100-seed weight, although simultaneously the number of branches and pods per plant declined. The yield increased from 1 992.5 kg/hm2 in 1970s to 2 964.34 kg/hm2 in 2010s with the increase ratio of 48.8%. The content of fat and oil was the highest in 2010s, mainly due to the increase of protein content. At the present, the majority of soybean varieties in Shanxi Province are semideterminate varieties, meanwhile determinate soybean varieties proportion continues to increase and indeterminate soybean varieties proportion is declining, which occupied the largest percentage in 1990s. The proportionof with the round and oval leaves has declined, while the proportion with Phi coniferous and oval leaves has increased, which are mainly resulted from the more efficient use of light energy.