“三防三促”调控技术对高产花生农艺性状和产量的影响

高产花生由于较高的肥水供应和较大的种植密度，生育中期易徒长倒伏、叶部病害较重，生育后期易脱肥早衰。以解决这个问题为目标，课题组创建了“三防三促”调控技术：一是精准化控，防徒长倒伏，促进物质分配和运转；二是提早用药，防病保叶，促进光合产物积累；三是叶面追肥，防后期早衰，促进荚果充实饱满。在高产栽培条件下，设置CK（常规管理）、T1（精准化控）、T2（精准化控+提早用药）、T3（精准化控+提早用药+叶面追肥）4个处理，进一步验证“三防三促”调控技术的增产效果。结果表明：T1、T2和T3处理均显著提高了高产花生饱果期和成熟期的叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力，显著提高了叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性，降低了MDA含量，各指标以T3处理效果最显著，其次是T2处理。T1、T2和T3处理均显著降低了成熟期的主茎高、侧枝长和主茎节数，提高了分枝数、主茎绿叶数和叶面积指数。对地上部植株生长的控制主要是精准化控的作用，而生育后期较大的叶面积指数主要是提早用药和叶面追肥的作用。T1、T2和T3处理均显著提高了单株结果数、单株果重、荚果产量以及经济系数，其中T1、T2、T3处理分别比CK增产20.35%、26.39%和30.62%。T2和T3处理的出仁率分别比CK提高1.84和3.02个百分点，说明T2和T3处理能提高籽仁饱满度。“三防三促”调控技术的应用是高产栽培条件下花生产量进一步提高的关键技术措施之一。

Effects of three prevention and three promotion regulation techniques on economical characters and yield of high yield peanut

Due to the higher supply of fertilizer and water, and the larger planting density, the high yield peanut is prone to excessive growth and leaf diseases exacerbation at middle growth stage, and easily premature senility caused by absence of fertilizer at late growth period. To solve this problem, our research group set up the ?three prevention and three promotion? regulation techniques: Precise chemical control to prevent plant lodging and promote material distribution and transportion; Early spraying fungicides to prevent disease and preserve leaf and promote the accumulation of photosynthate; Spraying foliar fertilizer to prevent premature senescence and promote full pods. Under high yield cultivation conditions, 4 treatments including CK (ordinary managements), T1 (precise chemical control), T2 (precise chemical control and early spraying fungicides) and T3 (precise chemical control, early spraying fungicides and spraying foliar fertilizer) were set up to further verify the effects of ?three prevention and three promotion? regulation techniques. The results showed T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly improved SOD, POD, CAT activities and the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the root activity, meanwhile reduced MDA content at pod filling stage and maturity stage of high yield peanut, and the most significant effect was T3 treatment, followed by T2 treatment. T1, T2 and T3 significantly reduced the stem height, lateral branch length and node number of main stem, and increased the branch number, the leaf number of main stem and leaf area index at maturity stage. To regulate the plant growth above the ground part was the main effect of precise chemical control, while hold the larger leaf area index in the later growth stage was mainly the effect of early spraying fungicides and spraying foliar fertilizer. T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased pod number, pod weight per plant, pod yield per unit area and economic coefficient. The pod yield of T1 was 20.35% more than that of CK, while T2 was 26.39% and T3 was 30.62% more than those of CK. The kernel rate of T2 and T3 increased by 1.84 and 3.02 percentage points respectively than those of CK, indicating that T2 and T3 treatments could improve seed plumpness. The application of ?three prevention and three promotion? regulation techniques will be one of the key technical measures to further increase pod yield under high-yield cultivation conditions.