不同小麦品种氮效率差异的研究

以湖北省小麦主产区(鄂北岗地)主推小麦品种为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究丰氮和缺氮条件下小麦的子粒产量、生物学产量、氯素吸收与分配、氮效率的特性.结果表明,以缺氮条件下小麦子粒产量为氮效应评价指标,供试小麦品种中氮高效应的品种为鄂麦23和鄂麦14;以丰氮和缺氮条件下小麦子粒产量之差值与施纯氮量之比为氯响应评价指标,氮高响应的品种为郑麦9023、豫麦49和鄂麦18,氮高效应和氮高响应的品种并不相同.因此,对土壤氮素吸收利用能力较强的植株生物学特性是氮胁迫条件下供试氮高效应品种的生物学基础.在丰氮条件下,供试的氯高响应小麦品种的子粒产量、植株氮吸收和干物质生产特性与缺氮条件下表现不尽相同.

Study on the Disparity of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties

In order to elucidate the biological reaction of different nitrogen efficiency on soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen in wheat varieties,nitrogen efficiency,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen distribution,dry matter production characteristic were tested in major wheat varieties planted in the northern area of Hubei by the pot experimental method under deficiencynitrogen and proficient nitrogen conditions.The resolts indicated that when the seed yield of wheat was as the evaluation index of nitrogen effect in nitrogen deficiency condition,varieties with hiigh nitrogen effect were Emai 23 and Emai 14 among experimental wheat varieties;when the ratio between subtraction value of two wheat seed-yields under proficientnitrogen and deficiency-nitrogen and fertilization with nitrogen amount Was as evaluation index of nitrogen response rate,varieties with hiSh nitrogen response were Zhengmai 9023,Yumai 49 and Emai 18.The varieties with high nitrogen effect and with high nitrogen response rate were not always the same.Therefore,the ability with better nitrogen uptake to soil nitrogen was the biological basis of varieties with high nitrogen effect in nitrogen deficiency condition.The seed-yield,plant nitrogen uptake and characteristic of dry matter production of experimental varieties with high nitrogen response rate,were different between proficiency nitrogen condition and deficiency-nitrogen condition.