应用微卫星标记研究中国15个地方白羽鹅品种遗传多样性

利用22个微卫星DNA标记对中国15个地方白羽鹅种进行遗传分析。结果表明：22个微卫星标记中3个为高度多态座位，1个低度多态座位，其余均为中度多态座位。平均杂合度最高的是太湖鹅（0．7105），最低的是皖西白鹅（0．5838）。织金白鹅与溆浦鹅遗传距离最近，为0．0417，而太湖鹅与四川白鹅最远，为0．7259。通过UPGMA法15个地方白羽鹅聚为3大类：织金白鹅、溆浦鹅、闽北白鹅、右江鹅、莲花白鹅、武冈铜鹅、同始鹅、浙东白鹅、籽鹅聚为第一类，广丰白翎鹅、皖西白鹅聚为第二类；酃县白鹅、百籽鹅、太湖鹅、四川白鹅聚为第三类。本研究证明中国地方鹅群体的遗传多性样比较丰富，具有较高的选择潜力。

Analysis of genetic diversity of 15 Chinese indigenous white goose breeds using 22 microsatellite loci

The genetic diversity of 15 indigenous white goose breeds in China were studied with 22 microsatellite markers.The genetic variability and population structure of these goose breeds were estimated,and Da genetic distance was also obtained.The results were as follows:the mean heterozygosity of Taihu goose was the highest(0.710 5),and that of Wanxi White goose was the lowest(0.583 8);the Da genetic distance of Zhijin White goose and Xupu goose was the nearest(0.047 1),and that of Taihu goose and Sichuan White goose was the farthest(0.725 9).In the tree,Zhijin White,Xupu,Minbei White,Youjiang,Lianhua White,Wugang Tong,Gushi,Zhedong White and Zi goose were in the first group;Guangfeng Bailing and Wanxi White goose were in the second group;Lingxian White,Baizi,Taihu and Sichuan White goose were in the third group.According to those results,we concluded that those indigenous goose breeds had their own characteristics and rich diversity with high selective potential,and we should explore their superiorities.