生态位适宜度评价模型在退耕还林决策中的应用

退耕还林是山地丘陵区治理生态环境恶化的一项重要措施。该文以济南市域内的现状耕地为研究对象，在耕地适宜性评价中引入生态位理论，根据土地利用的现实生态位与需求生态位的匹配关系，从地形因素、土壤条件、生态因素、水利条件四方面选取了7个评价指标，建立耕地生态位适宜度评价模型，并借助GIS技术将属性数据计算与图形数据有机地结合起来，计算各评价单元的生态位适宜度指数，界定区域内需退耕还林的地块。结果显示，济南市80%以上的现状耕地总体质量较好，不适宜作耕地的面积占耕地总面积的6.88％，根据济南市的实际情况，应对这部分地块逐步实行退耕还林。

Application of ecological niche suitability evaluation model to decision-making for converting cultivated land into forests

In mountainous and hilly regions, converting cultivated land into forests is an important measure to prevent degeneration of the ecological environment. Taking current cultivated land in Jinan as an example, this paper introduced the ecological niche concept to evaluate cultivated land fitness. According to the matching relations between current ecological niche and demanding ecological niche, seven main indexes were chosen including topographical factors, soil condition, ecological factors and irrigation condition and so on to set up an ecological niche fitness evaluation model of cultivated land. Attribute data was combined well with spatial data to calculate ecological niche fitness of each unit by GIS technology, and then the plots, which need to be converted into forests were defined. Results show that over 80% of the current cultivated land is in good quality in Jinan city, and 6.88% of the current cultivated land is not suitable and should be converted into forests step by step.