梅花鹿季节性营养规律研究

为了研究在我国饲养模式下梅花鹿营养摄入的季节性规律,选用8只雄性成年梅花鹿,在我国传统饲养模式下,定期测定梅花鹿饲料消耗及营养物质摄入水平、鹿体重变化及营养相关血液指标变化,分析梅花鹿营养季节性规律变化。结果表明,①梅花鹿夏季干物质的采食(DMI)、代谢能摄入(MEI)和可消化蛋白质摄入(DCPI)处于一年中最高水平,分别为78~80 g/(kg0.75.d-1)、0.8 MJ/(kg0.75.d-1)和8~10 g/(kg0.75.d-1);夏季梅花鹿体重平均增加约20 kg;血清蛋白质水平较高。②梅花鹿公鹿秋季发情期干物质的DMI、MEI和DCPI为一年中最低水平,分别为41~60 g/(kg0.75.d-1)、0.36~0.56 MJ/(kg0.75.d-1)和1.14~3.0 g/(kg0.75.d-1);梅花鹿在9~10月份体重平均降低约17.5 kg,血清蛋白质水平较低,营养处于负平衡状态。③梅花鹿冬季DMI、MEI和DCPI处于一年中低谷,分别为70~75 g/(kg0.75.d-1)0、.61~0.69 MJ/(kg0.75.d-1)和3.0~3.6 g/(kg0.75.d-1),体重为一年中最低水平,平均约100 kg。④在圈养条件下梅花鹿MEI[MJ/(kg0.75.d-1)]和增重G[g/(kg0.75.d-1)]间存在显著正相关(P=0.0026),直线回归方程为G=28.482 MEI-17.78(R2=0.5771,P=0.0026,n=13),维持代谢能需要量为0.624 MJ/(kg0.75.d-1),体重每增加1 g,需要生长代谢能35.11 kJ。

Laws of Seasonal Nutrition in Sika Deer

8 adult sika deer were selected and fed different level nutrition in different physiological periods and measured the dry matter intake,energy,protein,body weight and the serum protein concentration,and analyzed the laws of the seasonal cycles of the nutrition,body weight and the serum protein concentration.The results were as follows: the sika deer penned had the nutritional ability to voluntarily regulate,and increased the body weight in summer,and were under the negative nutritional balance in winter.The dry matter intake(DMI),metabolizable energy(ME) and digestible crude protein(DCPI) of sika deer in summer were 78～80 g/(kg0.75·d-1)、0.8 MJ/(kg0.75·d-1) and 8-10 g/(kg0.75·d-1) respectively,and during the rut 41～60 g/(kg0.75·d-1)、0.36～0.56 MJ/(kg0.75·d-1) and 1.14～3.0 g/(kg0.75·d-1) respectively,and in winter 70～75 g/(kg0.75·d-1)、0.61～0.69 MJ/(kg0.75·d-1) and 3.0～3.6 g/(kg0.75·d-1) respectively.The linear regression equation between the MEI(MJ/kg0.75·d-1)and live weight gain G(g/kg0.75·d-1) was: G=28.482MEI-17.78(R2=0.577 1,P=0.002 6,n=13).The ME requirements of sika deer for maintenance were 0.624 MJ/(kg0.75·d-1), and the ME needed 35.11 kJ/(kg0.75·d-1) when the BW 0.75 increased 1 gram.