化肥减量配施畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对番茄产量和品质的影响

摘要：为了解决温室蔬菜长期超量施用化肥导致蔬菜品质下降的疑难问题，为温室蔬菜绿色安全生产提供参考，采用田间试验方法，设计50%化肥＋50%鸡粪—蚕豆秸秆组合肥、50%化肥＋50%羊粪—油菜秸秆组合肥、50%化肥＋50%猪粪—玉米秸秆组合肥、100%化肥和不施肥共5个处理，研究了化肥减量配施畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对番茄产量、品质及经济效益等的影响。结果表明：与100%化肥相比较，施用50%化肥＋50%鸡粪—蚕豆秸秆组合肥的番茄单果质量显著增加6.23%，单株果实质量、产量、果实可溶性糖含量和VC含量分别极显著增加8.07%、8.82%、27.46%和23.50%，施肥利润和肥料投资效率分别增加2.35×104元/hm2和2.42元/元；果实硝酸盐含量和可滴定酸含量分别极显著降低15.33%和24.49%。化肥减量配施畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田，提高了番茄经济效益和品质，为保障蔬菜安全生产提供了技术支撑。

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Livestock and Poultry Manure and Straw Returning to Field on Yield and Quality of Tomato

Abstract: In order to solve the difficult problem of vegetable quality degradation caused by long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizer in greenhouse and provide reference for green and safe production of greenhouse vegetables, five treatments, such as 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% chicken manure and broad bean straw, 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% sheep manure and rape straw, 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% pig manure and corn straw, 100% chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer, were designed by field experiment. The effects of reducing of chemical fertilizer and increasing application of livestock manure and returning straw to field on yield, quality and economic benefits of tomato were studied. The results showed that compared with 100% chemical fertilizer, the single fruit weight of tomato treat with 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% chicken manure and broad bean straw increased significantly by 6.23%, fruit weight per plant, yield, soluble sugar content and VC content of fruits increased extremely and significantly by 8.07%, 8.82%, 27.46% and 23.50%, respectively. The fertilization profit and fertilizer investment efficiency increased by 2.35 × 104 yuan/hm2 and 2.42 yuan/yuan, respectively. The contents of nitrate and titratable acid in fruit decreased extremely and significantly by 15.33% and 24.49% reespectively. Reduction of chemical fertilizer and increase of livestock manure and returning straw to field, which increased economic benefit and quality of tomato, could provide technological support for ensuring safe production of vegetables.