城乡二元经济结构的测定及影响因素分析

城乡二元经济结构是发展中国家工业化进程中普遍存在的问题,弱化城乡二元经济结构的工作已成为各省(区)统筹城乡发展工作的重点。基于熵权法与TOPSIS法的强度测定方法,从综合经济发展、城乡收支差异、城乡金融发展和城乡土地规模利用差异四个角度出发,分析我国不同区域典型代表省(区)的城乡二元经济结构强度及影响因素。结果表明,城乡二元经济结构强度大的省(区)基本属于中西部地区的农业大省,城乡二元经济结构强度弱的省(区)或是城市和乡村的经济发展水平均较高,或是城市发展落后,但农村相对发达;影响因素表现为具有一定相关性,各省(区)的综合经济发展影响程度与城乡收支差异影响程度整体上呈反向变化,城乡金融发展影响程度与城乡土地利用规模差异影响程度呈反向变化。最后,为进一步弱化城乡二元经济结构,提出了推动城镇化与产业化建设,促进综合经济发展水平的提高;培育新型农业经营主体,缩小城乡收支差异;构建新型农村金融体系,深化农村金融发展;加大制度创新力度,缩小城乡土地利用规模差异等建议。

Measure and influence factors analysis of the urban-rural dual economic structure

The urban-rural dual economic structure is a common problem during the industrialization process in developing countries. Reducing the negative influence of the urban-rural dual economic structure becomes the focus of development strategy of the provincial (regional) governments. Applying the entropy weight and the TOPSIS methods on the data from urban-rural developments in 13 provinces/regions, this paper constructed a comprehensive measuring model and analyzed the intensity and the influencing factors of the urban-rural dual economic structure from four different perspectives, including the comprehensive economic development, the income and expenditure gap between urban and rural areas, the financial development, and the differences in urban-rural land usage. Results show that: stronger urban-rural dual economic structures basically appear in the central and western agricultural regions. The weaker ones are in those regions of either with better development of both urban and rural areas or with better development in rural area but weak development in urban area. The influencing factor analysis shows that the comprehensive economic development has an opposite impact on the dual structure compared with the income and expenditure gap between urban and rural areas and the rural financial development and the urban and rural land usage also show opposite impact on the dual structure. To reduce the negative impacts of the urban-rural dual economic structure, it is suggested that 1) to promote urbanization and industrialization to improve the overall level of economic development; 2) to cultivate new agricultural enterprises to narrow the income and expenditure gap between urban and rural areas; 3) to build a new rural financial system to promote the development of urban and rural finance; and 4) to encourage and develop the innovative method to narrow the difference of land usages between urban and rural areas.