全球胡杨林的现状及保护和恢复对策

全球胡杨林面积为64.8万hm2,分布范围横跨欧、亚、非3个大陆。由于经济落后和对胡杨林维持荒漠地区生态平衡的功能认识不足, 全球胡杨林遭受严重破坏, 面积锐减。我国现有胡杨林面积39.5万hm2,只相当于建国前的1/2,占全球面积的61%,其他国家已不存在未经人为破坏的天然胡杨林。本文阐述了保护全球胡杨林的意义、胡杨林的现状和恢复胡杨林资源的对策和方法;强调了开展国际间合作的必要性和利用胡杨林基因资源开展林木遗传改良的广阔前景。

The Status, Conservation and Recovery of Global Resources of Populus euphradica

Populus euphradica is a tree species that can be survival in arid areas and desert, and characterized by genetic traits of tolerance to salty, cold, arid and sandy environmental conditions. The total area of Populus euphradica forest is 648, 000 ha in the world. This species is distributed in the three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa, however, mainly in the arid and semi arid areas of Mediterranean, northwestern China and Mongolia. Because of undeveloped economics and less understanding of the ecological functions of this species, the natural forest of this species is rapidly reduced in the world. In China, the forest of P. euphradica is estimated to be 395 000 ha, which is accounted for 61. 1% of the total area of the world. In other countries, however, there is no any natural stands which has not been deconstructed by human beings. It is also addressed in this article that great efforts should be made to conserve the genetic resources of this species for sustainable utilization.