氮磷钾配施对茉莉花产量及花汛期的影响

为了探寻氮磷钾配施最佳方案，为茉莉花科学施肥提供参考，选择立地条件具有区域代表性的地块为试验地，以试验地原有种植的树龄15年的广西壮族自治区横州市主栽品种横州市双瓣茉莉为供试材料，采用“3414”试验设计开展施肥效应试验，研究氮磷钾配施对横州市茉莉花产量及花汛的影响，以明晰横州市茉莉花种植区域环境条件下鲜花产量对氮磷钾的需求差异，为茉莉花科学施肥及鲜花增产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)广西横州市茉莉花种植试验地的土壤养分对横县双瓣茉莉生产而言，速效氮含量过剩，而有效磷和速效钾处于中等偏低水平；(2)在氮磷钾3种肥料的互作效应中，磷肥和钾肥的互作效应最高，其次为氮磷钾肥和氮钾肥的互作效应；(3)不同的施肥处理的茉莉花日产量消长同步，不同氮磷钾配施对茉莉花花汛期的影响不显著；(4)在茉莉花的稳定花期(6—9月)中，各月均有花汛期出现，其中，7月平均日产量最高，8月平均日产量最稳定；(5)氮磷钾配施对茉莉花产量有显著影响，影响由大到小为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥；(6)本研究中，三元二次方程拟合不成功，一元二次方程方面仅有N的效应方程拟合成功，P、K的效应方程均拟合失败，而在二元二次方程中，NP、NK、PK的3个效应方程均拟合成功；对拟合成功的方程进行求解，排除实际操作中无法达到的施肥量，综合考虑试验地土壤速效氮含量过剩及减少种植户的投资成本等因素，推荐施肥方式及施肥量为磷肥393.64kg/hm²，钾肥381.59kg/hm²。

Effects of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium combinations on yield and flood season of Jasminum sambac flowers

In order to explore the best scheme of combined application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium，and provide reference to scientific fertilization of Jasminum sambac，the representative plot of the local planting area was selected as the test site，and the main double petal varieties planted in Hengzhou with 15 years of original tree age in the test site were used as the test materials.The“ 3414” experimental design was used to carry out the fertilization effect test to study the impact of combined application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium on the yield and the flood season of flowers in Hengzhou，to clarify the difference of demand for nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in flowers yield under environmental conditions of Jasminum sambac planting area in Hengzhou，and provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and increase of flowers yield.The results showed that:(1) For the production of flowers，the available nitrogen content in the soil of the experimental site of Jasminum sambac planting in Hengzhou of Guangxi was excessive，while the available phosphorus and potassium were at a medium low level.(2) In the interaction effect of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had the highest interaction effect，the interaction effect of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fertilizer was the second，the interaction effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was the last.(3) The daily yield of flowers increased and decreased synchronously under different fertilization treatments，and the effect of different nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium combined application on the flood season of flowers was not significant.(4) In the stable flowering period of jasmine(June to September)，the flood season of flowers occurred in all months，the average daily output was the highest in July and the most stable in August.(5) The combined application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium had a significant effect on the yield of flowers，and the effect on the yield of flowers from large to small was:phosphorus fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer.(6) In this study，the fitting of the ternary quadratic equation was not successful.In the aspect of the unary quadratic equation，only the effect equation of nitrogen fertilizer was successfully fitted，and the effect equations of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were all failed.In the binary quadratic equation，the three effect equations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer，nitrogen and potassium fertilizer，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were successfully fitted.After solving the equation successfully fitted，excluding the amount of fertilizer that cannot be reached in actual operation，and comprehensively considering factors such as excess content of soil available nitrogen and reduction of investment cost of planters，the recommended fertilization method and amount are as follows:phosphorus fertilization amount is 393.64 kg/hm²，potassium fertilization amount is 381.59 kg/hm².