花生生育早期耐涝性室内鉴定对大田期的意义

为探索花生不同品种生育早期耐涝性差异及与大田耐涝性的关系,对8个品种的种子进行室内180 h浅、深水处理,对幼苗进行10 d淹涝和大田短（10 d）、长期（88 d）湿涝,测定发芽能力、幼苗生长发育和乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性、大田湿涝产量（WY10、WY88）和产量耐性系数（WTC10、WTC88）。结果表明,(1)花生对淹涝较敏感,其耐涝性因淹涝时期、程度（水深）和品种而异。浅涝时种子先露尖而后发芽;深涝时只露尖而不能形成幼芽。不同品种发芽期耐涝性差异较大。幼苗的根部受害程度远甚于地上部,根色、根重是不同品种耐性差异的主要表征指标。(2)花生幼苗根系ADH活性受淹涝即厌氧诱导的效应极为明显,其中淹涝3~10 d的ADH活性与耐涝性负相关,尤其是淹涝10 d后ADH活性高的品种,植株发育不良。(3)与大田所有产量耐涝性指标的相关性,ADH活性、根色均为负相关,单株根重、单株地上部重、单株总重则为正相关,尤其是根重与WY10 2年均呈显著正相关。(4)耐涝性鉴定时间,在发芽期浅、深水中分别以180、120 h为宜,幼苗期以3~10 d为宜。因此,花生生育早期耐涝性室内鉴定对大田期有重要参考价值。

Importance of Identification of Waterlogging Tolerance at Early Growing Stages of Peanut in Laboratory to Field Screening

Waterlogging is one of the main limiting factors in worldwide peanut production. It is useful to develop a prompt approach for waterlogging tolerance screening at early growth stages. To study difference of waterlogging tolerance among peanut varieties and in the early growth stages and the correlation with waterlogging tolerance based on yield in the field, seeds of 8 varieties were planted in shallow and deep water for 180 h, seedlings were waterlogged with sand soil in laboratory for 10 days and in field for 10 d (short-term) and 88 d (long-term), then the germination ratio, seedlings growth and development indexes, alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADH), field yields under waterlogging (WY10, WY88) and waterlogging tolerance coefficients(WTC10, WTC88）were measured. The results were as follows: (1) Peanut was sensitive to waterlogging, and the tolerance varied with waterlogging degree, varieties and imposing time. Seeds of each variety germinated in shallow water, while not in deep water. At seedling stage, roots were more severely reduced by waterlogging stress than above-ground parts of plant (AGPP), difference of waterlogging tolerance among varieties could be judged phenotypically by color and weight of roots. (2) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in peanut roots increased significantly under waterlogging condition (hypoxia induction). The plants of varieties with higher ADH activity after 10 d waterlogging were generally runt. (3) All waterlogging tolerance indexes based on yield were correlated with ADH activity and roots color negatively, and with weight of roots positively per plant, weights of AGPP and total plant positively, especially weight of roots were significantly and positively correlated with WY10. (4) The time for peanut waterlogging tolerance screening in shallow and deep water should be 180 and 120 h respectively at germinating stage, and 3–10 d at seedling stage. It can be concluded that indoor identification of waterlogging tolerance in laboratory at early stages is an important reference for on-farm test.