Genetic variation in a Norwegian germplasm collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) |
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Authors: | M Aasmo Finne O A Rognli I Schjelderup |
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Institution: | 1. Holt Research Centre, The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, P.O. Box 2502, N-9002, Troms?, Norway 2. Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5040, N-1432, ?s, Norway
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Abstract: | Genetic variation and genotype × environment interactions for important agronomic characters were estimated for eleven Norwegian
populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), originating from between 58°52′N and 69°30′N latitude, and from altitudes of 10 to 450 m a.s.l. The populations were evaluated in monoculture clonal field plots for
two years at two locations in Norway. The medium-leaved Danish cultivar Milkanova was also included in the experiment as a
standard market cultivar. Considerable variation between populations was observed for winter survival, spring growth, morphological
characteristics, dry matter yield, general performance, earliness and seed yield. Winter survival, measured as plant cover
after two years, was significantly different at the two locations. All the populations had sufficient winter survival at the
southern, continental highland site (61°07′N).At the northern coastal location (69°30′N),where the winter climate is unstable with physical stresses such as frost, ice-encasement and water-logging frequently
occurring, only the northernmost, coastal populations showed sufficient winter survival. Highly significant interactions were
found between populations and locations, and between populations and years for all characters measured at both locations and
in both years, respectively. Interaction effects between populations, locations and years were significant only for leaflet
length. The largest leaf lamina's were observed in the most southern populations. However, genotypes possessing relatively
long leaflets were also found in the northernmost populations, although at low frequencies. In general, the populations originating
from the northernmost locations had lower biomass production, and were smaller-leaved, more prostrate and exhibited shorter
internodes and stolons compared to the populations from South and Middle Norway. These populations also initiated inflorescences
earliest, and were among the lowest seed yielding populations. Otherwise, no clear clinal variation in growth characteristics
was observed which could be related to the latitude or altitude of origin of the populations.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | adaptation genetic resources Norwegian germplasm Trifolium repens variation white clover |
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