CCK1, a PMK1-type MAP kinase is required for hyphal growth,pigmentation, conidiation,enzyme activity,osmotic stress response,and pathogenicity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynespora cassiicola</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of races in populations of the fungus Venturia inaequalis that are able to overcome specific apple scab resistance gene(s) within the major apple-growing areas of Poland. The monitoring was conducted in six orchards located in the north, centre and south of Poland. The study involved the use of 16 differential genotypes for pathogenicity testing conducted under both greenhouse and orchard conditions. In addition, the occurrence of apple scab on 10 apple cultivars containing the Rvi6 gene was assessed in four organic orchards in central Poland. Apple scab was found on their leaves for the first time in Poland in 2010. The use of differential genotypes containing specific resistance genes suggested that 10 apple scab resistance genes had been overcome by V. inaequalis in the orchards monitored in this study.