高产冬小麦对锌的吸收、积累与分配

目的明确高产(9000kg·hm-2)冬小麦的锌素吸收、积累与分配特点,为确定锌肥施用技术提供依据。方法2004—2006两年中各采用4个品种,于各生育时期在田间取植株样品,分器官测定锌的含量。结果小麦各生育时期各器官的含锌量为9.5—112.5mg·hm-2(干重),含锌量最高的器官随生长中心的转移而更替。生育前期叶片中锌的积累量最高,拔节前叶片中锌的分配率占全株总积累量的50%以上;生育后期籽粒中锌的积累量最高。小麦一生锌的总积累量为384.9—475.9g·hm-2,生产100kg籽粒吸收锌4.3—5.2g。籽粒由再分配获得的锌占籽粒总锌量的58.2%—60.3%,各器官对锌的净吸收积累量、转移量及对籽粒锌的贡献均为叶片穗叶鞘茎秆。结论各器官生育前中期含锌量和积累量较高,后期籽粒锌的积累主要取决于各器官锌的再分配。根据锌的这些吸收积累特点,锌肥主要应作为播种前拌种或基肥施用,以促进小麦生育前期的生长和锌的吸收。

Absorption, Accumulation and Distribution of Zinc in High-Yielding Winter Wheat

【Objective】 The objective of this experiment is to clarify the characteristics of zinc (Zn) absorption, accumulation and distribution in high-yielding winter wheat (with a grain yield 9 000 kg•hm-2). 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province. Four winter wheat cultivars, Shimai 14, Jifeng 703, Shimai 12 and Shixin 828 during 2004-2005, and four cultivars, Temai 1, Shimai 12, Shixin 531 and Shixin 828 during 2005-2006, were used as experimental materials. Plant samples were collected from the plots at each growing stage for Zn concentration determination. 【Result】 The main results showed that the concentration of Zn in various above-ground organs of wheat was 9.5-112.5 mg•kg-1 at different growing stages. The organ with the highest Zn concentration changed with the growth center at different growing stages. The accumulation amount of Zn in leaf blades was the highest among all organs during early growing period, and the distribution percentage of Zn in leaf blades was more than 50% before jointing stage, higher than those in other organs. In late growing period, however, the accumulation amount of Zn in grains was the highest, and the distribution percentage of Zn in grains was 58.1% at maturity. The total accumulation amount of Zn in wheat plants during its life span ranged from 384.9 to 475.9 g•hm-2. The amount of Zn required for the formation of 100 kg grain yield ranged from 4.3 to 5.2 g. The net absorption, transportation of Zn and the contribution of all organs to grain Zn were all in the order of leaf blades ＞ spikes ＞ leaf sheaths ＞ stems. 58.2%-60.3% of Zn in grains was redistributed from other organs, especially from leaves.【Conclusion】 The concentration and accumulation of Zn in all organs of wheat was high during early and middle growing periods, and the accumulation of Zn in grains during late growing period mainly depended on the redistribution from various organs. According to the characteristics of Zn absorption and accumulation, Zn should be applied as seed dressing or basal dressing, so as to accelerate the early growth and zinc absorption of wheat.