流域水资源初始产权界定初探以黑河流域中游为例

随着水资源短缺程度的加剧 ,可交易水权制度逐渐成为当今世界水资源管理制度发展的新方向。水资源初始产权是水资源管理的基础和前提。在干旱区内陆河流域 ,产权初始配置要在生态环境可持续的前提下 ,坚持公平、效益相结合的分配目标和配置原则。本文建立了初始水权配置指标体系 ,对黑河流域进行实地问卷调查 ,在此基础上对用户调查结果进行专家判断修正 ,应用层次分析法研究了各分配指标的权重分布。以黑河流域张掖地区为例的界定结果表明 ,除上游的肃南县和山丹县外 ,其余各县市的实际用水量都超过了各自界定的初始水权 ,这种差别为水资源产权交易管理提供了现实依据 ,为开展流域上游的生态保护补偿提供了理论基础

Pilot Study on the Allocation of Initial Water Rights -- A Case Study for the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

As the water scarcity increasing,tradable water rights mechanism has been a new direction of water management in the world.The initial water rights allocation was critical for water market, which has also been proved in recent research on water markets.That ecological and environmental water demand should be prior to be satisfied or graranteed has been realized and accepted widely,especially for the inland river basin in arid regions.At the same time,equity and efficiency are other two basic goals and principles for initial water rights allocation.As initial water rights allocation is a reallocation of utilization situation in existence,various attitudes should be considered as much as possible.We carried out some questionnaire surveys to users in the basin.Based on the users' survey results,12 experts from 5 study fields made further judgments to combine the attitudes of both the users and the experts; we obtain the indexesvalues by AHP analysis. The pilot study of Zhangye prefecture in Heihe river basin showed that the actual utilization in most counties have exceeded their initial allocation except the Sunan county and Shandan county,which has provided some convictive evidences for tradable ater rights among different counties and the potential ecological compensation for the upstream in the valley.