4L-4.0型稻麦联合收获打捆复式作业机设计与试验

为了使稻麦联合收获机在工作过程中能够完成收获、打捆复式一次作业,研制了一种稻麦联合收获打捆复式作业机。该复式作业机在保证联合收割机正常工作效率的同时,也实现了稻麦秸秆的不落地打捆功能。该文对该复式作业机整体配置、传动系统、下喂入机构以及压缩机构等关键部件进行了设计和计算。该复式作业机结构形式为自走式,具有更好的田间通过性及更小的转弯半径,同时可靠性及工作效率均符合要求。田间试验结果表明:4L-4.0型稻麦联合收获打捆复式作业机的成捆率达到98.3%,规则草捆率达到94.7%,抗捆率达到90%,草捆截面尺寸达到40 cm×50 cm×60 cm,草捆密度达到了190~200 kg/m3。该研究为中大型方捆收获打捆一体机的研究提供参考。

Design and experiment of baler for 4L-4.0 combine harvester of rice and wheat

Abstract: As a kind of product of crops, straws are important part of biomass. China is an agricultural country, and the straw resource is very rich and the annual output is about 700 million tons. The straw resource in China is mainly rice straw, wheat straw and corn stover. The disposal way of the straw is mostly to burn, but this will seriously destroy the ecological environment. So the problem of straw recycling is more and more important, and it requires that straw recycling must has high mechanization level of operation. In view of the shortage and inefficiency of straw harvest machinery, we have developed 4L-4.0 all-in-one machine of combine harvester and baler to solve the difficult problem of straw harvest. It can not only ensure the normal efficiency, but also achieve the function of bundling. Firstly, this article has introduced the overall configuration of the all-in-one machine. The baler is located on the left side of the combine harvester, and the gearbox and flywheel are located on the right side of it. The gearbox is the core component of transmission, and the one we use is a three-stage gear box. Secondly, the feeding mechanism from below and the compression mechanism also have an important significance to the 4L-4.0 all-in-one machine of combine harvester and baler. The advantage of the feeding mechanism from below is that it can reduce the ground clearance and improve the performance of the machine. It is mainly composed of a fork mechanism. We have made a motion simulation of the fork mechanism in order to know the trajectory and speed of the fork mechanism. The research results have showed that this design conforms to the requirements of the work of the machine. In addition, we have made more research on the compression mechanism, which is composed of a center-setting slider-crank, and we have set the compression frequency to be 93 revolutions per minute. The movement of the slider-crank is decided by the length of crank and connecting rod, so we have respectively designed the crank and connecting rod to be 275 and 580 mm. Lastly, we have conducted a field experiment in order to test the performance of the all-in-one machine. We have selected rice and wheat as the target of this experiment. The experimental results show that this 4L-4.0 all-in-one machine of combine harvester and baler can complete the rice harvest and bundling at one time, and also improve the working efficiency. The bundling rate, regular bale ratio, anti-bundling rate and the size of bale all meet the requirements, and the final density of bale ranges from 190 to 200 kg/m3.