基于监测信息可视化方法的土地覆被变化分析

在土地覆被变化动态监测中，经典的土地利用转移矩阵可以反映出一段时期内各地类面积之间的相互转化关系，但无法实现变化信息的定位分析与可视化表达，该文运用地学信息图谱的分析理念，提出了土地覆被变化监测信息的可视化分析方法。首先，通过遥感制图获取了土地覆被变化监测时段内的2期土地覆被分类图，利用GIS空间叠加分析功能，提取了土地覆被类型转移矩阵和土地覆被类型转移信息图谱；然后，在土地覆被类型转移信息图谱的基础上，依据地统计学模型原理，对图谱中的空间数据进行网格处理和Kriging插值分析，获取了研究区土地覆被变化强度信息图谱，用直观的图谱形式展示了土地覆被变化监测信息的空间变化强度规律。该文以黑龙江省哈尔滨市双城区为研究区，利用2002年Landsat7 ETM+和2013年Landsat8 OLI遥感影像，在土地覆被类型遥感制图的基础上，通过GIS叠加分析方法和地统计学模型，获取了2002－2013年时段的土地覆被类型转移图谱和变化强度信息图谱，实现了土地覆被变化监测信息的可视化定位分析，为土地覆被类型变化信息的定位表达及其变化规律的图谱分析提供了一种途径。

Analysis on land cover change based on visual method of monitoring information

Abstract: In land use/land cover change dynamic monitoring, the classic land use transfer matrix can reflect the conversion relationships among different land cover types during a period, but it can't solve the problems of position analysis and visual expression of land cover change information in study area. The analysis method of Geo-information TUPU was used for visual analysis of the information of land cover dynamic change in the paper, and the paper put forward concise TUPU visual expression method to apply in land cover dynamic monitoring. The paper took Shuangcheng District, Haerbin City, Heilongjiang Province as a study area, and 2 years'(2002 and 2013) remote sensing images were used for land cover classification mapping. Based on the classification map, GIS (geographic information system) technology and geostatistics requirements, the paper got the land cover types transfer TUPU and land cover change intensity information TUPU from 2002 to 2013, which realized the TUPU visual expression of land cover change information in Shuangcheng District. Based on this, the paper got the spatial-temporal change rule of land cover structure in study area. The land cover change intensity was high in the south and west of Shuangcheng District which was close to the Songhua River and the Lalin River, and the regions showed obvious characteristics of the ribbon and the highest change rate could reach 31%. The region with high change rate was also located in the main towns of Shuangcheng District which showed ring-shaped features. The main driving forces for the high change rate were the high-speed economic development, the increasing population and the transformation of planting structure. The center towns at all levels, water conservancy facilities, transport network directly influenced the spatial distribution pattern of land cover change. The change rate was lower in the middle area where the main land use type was dry land, and the lowest change rate was 1.5%. Among the different land use types, the input speed of paddy field, construction land and water body was higher than the output speed from 2002 to 2013, which had a trend of scale increasing. In the meanwhile, the input speed of dry land and other land use types was less than the output speed, which presented a scale reducing trend. And the conversions from dry land to paddy field, from dry land to construction land, from other land use types to dry land, from paddy field to dry land, from construction land to dry land were the main transfer types. From 2002 to 2013, the dry land was the main type and accounted for more than 80% of the total area, and the change rate of dry land was only 1.73%, so the total land cover structure was stable. However there were some problems in land use change of Shuangcheng District, which were over exploitation of land, reduction of wetland, shortage of reserve land resources and so on. It was important to take some measures to solve these problems in the land use planning during the next period. The method of visual Geo-information TUPU analysis can not only provide a new way for positioning expression of land use and land cover change information, but also enhance the understanding of spatial-temporal change of land cover structure in Shuangcheng District.