脲酶硝化双抑制剂缓释肥提高番茄产量及NPK养分吸收

为提高番茄肥料的利用效率,该文采用恒温培养和土培试验研究了自制番茄专用缓释肥（special slow-realease fertilizer for tomato,TSRF1和TSRF2）在酸、中、碱性土中的氮素释放特性以及对番茄产量、NPK养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在3种不同土壤中,氮素释放累积量均表现为普通复合肥（ordinary compound fertilizer,OCF）>商品缓释肥（commercial slow-release fertilizer,MSRF）>自制专用肥（special compound fertilizer for tomato,TCF）>自制专用缓释肥1（TSRF1）>自制专用缓释肥2（TSRF2）,且各施肥处理在3种不同土壤类型上的氮素累积释放量大小表现为碱性土>中性土>酸性土。在整个培养期,各施肥处理在3种不同土壤中氮素相对累积释放率大小总体表现为碱性土>中性土>酸性土,且土壤中不同形态氮素累积量均是铵态氮大于硝态氮。铵态氮、硝态氮的累积量大小也表现为碱性土>中性土>酸性土。不同形态氮在3种土壤中的累积释放量动态释放以一级动力学方程拟合最好（r=0.963～0.998）。采用一级动力学方程,不同形态氮素的最大释放量表现为总N>NH4+-N>NO3--N,这与土壤中各形态氮素养分的累积释放特性变化规律表现一致。在土培试验中,两种专用缓释肥（TSRF2和TSRF1）显著提高了番茄果实干物质量,较TCF、MSRF和OCF处理分别增加了18.18%、7.24%、31.40%和13.45%、2.96%、26.15%,且番茄产量在各处理之间的差异达到显著水平。各处理对氮素的积累量大小顺序为TSRF2>TSRF1>MSRF>TCF>OCF,对磷的吸收上表现为TSRF1>TSRF2>MSRF>TCF> OCF,钾素吸收积累量的趋势与氮素基本相同。与普通复合肥相比,两种专用缓释肥处理的N、P、K利用率分别增加了10.66%、20.53%和18.62%（TSRF1）,14.94%、18.48%和21.95%（TSRF2）。两种专用缓释肥（TSRF2和TSRF1）在抑制剂的作用下,能够延缓肥料中N素养分的释放,增加番茄植株对氮磷钾养分的吸收,从而提高了NPK养分利用率和番茄产量。

[0]Slow-release fertilizer containing urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor improving nitrogen release characteristic and uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tomato

Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, in this study, special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor (DCD) were produced according to the nutrient requirements of tomato. Nitrogen release characteristics of two vegetables special slow-release fertilizers were studied in the experiment of "soil incubating method". In addition, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of the slow-release fertilizers on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and NPK content of tomato. The results showed that in three different soil, cumulative nitrogen release in soil was in order of ordinary compound fertilizer (OCF)>commercial slow-release fertilizer (MSRF)>tomato special compound fertilizer NO.1 (TCF)>tomato special slow-release fertilizer NO.2 (TSRF1)>tomato special slow-release fertilizer (TSRF2), and nitrogen released in soil from the special slow release fertilizers (TSRF1 and TSRF2) were less than that of other fertilizers. The amount of nitrogen accumulated release of different fertilizer treatments in three different soil types showed alkaline soil > neutral soil > acid soil. In 14th day of incubation, the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil increased, and the accumulation of nitrate in soil increased significantly after 14 d. Nitrogen accumulation in soil were more in NH4+-N than in NO3-N due to the nitrification inhibitor (DCD) which can inhibit soil nitrification and The nitrification process was inhibited by nitrification inhibitors, and the nitrogen fertilizer remained in the soil for a long time in the form of NH4+-N. Nitrogen accumulation for NH4+-N and NO3--N was also as alkaline soil>neutral soil>acid soil. The release of different forms of nitrogen in the three soils was fitted with an equation of the first order kinetics (r ranged from 0.963 to 0.998). Using the first order kinetic equation, the N0 value of the maximum release rate of different forms of nitrogen was total N>NH4+-N>NO3--N, which was consistent with the changes of the accumulation and release characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in soil. The characteristics of nitrogen release simulated by the equation were suitable for the prediction of the release and release characteristics of nitrogen in soil. In the pot experiment, two special slow release fertilizers (TSRF2 and TSRF1) were significantly (P<0.05) increased the yield of tomato by 18.18%, 7.24%, 31.40% and 13.45%, 2.96%, 26.15% compared with treatments of TCF, MSRF and OCF, respectively. The accumulation of nitrogen in tomato was TSRF2>TSRF1>MSRF>TCF>OCF, and the absorption of phosphorus by tomato was TSRF1>TSRF2> MSRF>TCF>OCF, and the accumulation of K in tomato was similar with that of nitrogen. Special slow release fertilizer treatment was beneficial to improve the uptake of NPK nutrient in potted tomato. Compared with common compound fertilizer (OCF), plant utilization of NPK in two special slow release fertilizers (TSRF1 and TSRF2) were increased by 10.66% (N), 21.95% (P), and 18.48% (K) for TSRF1, and 20.53% (N), 18.62% (P) and 14.94% (K) for TSRF2, respectively. Special slow release fertilizer with addition of the inhibitors, the nutrient release rate was relatively flat, so that it can effectively avoid the adverse effects of oversupply of nutrients in the soil, and improved the utilization rate of nutrient. Two special release fertilizers (TSRF2 and TSRF1) increased the uptake of N, P and K by tomato plants and tomato yield, and improved the efficiency of NPK due to the nutrient release rate of the special slow release fertilizers with addition of inhibitors., As such they balanced soil available nutrients with crop nutrient requirements.