基于农户分化的村域居民点用地特征分析

从地块尺度探讨农户分化背景下的农户层面居民点用地演变特征及其趋势,为构建农村居民点用地分类调控方向与模式提供依据。以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇古泥村为典型案例,从农户家庭收入、就业职业、就业地点3个方面对农户分化类型进行界定基础上,解析农户地块尺度居民点用地规模、形态、内部功能结构等方面的分异特征。结果表明,农户地块尺度居民点用地规模存在"农业种养殖主导生计类型"农户户均面积最大,"既离土又离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户人均用地面积最大,"离土不离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户户均用地面积和人均用地面积均最小;非农型、农业型农户地块尺度居民点用地斑块空间形态最复杂,就地非农型和农业主导型农户居民点用地斑块空间形态较为简单,且趋于规整的方形;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋形态更为紧凑和集约,农业型农户房屋形态更为松散和粗放;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋结构以砖混结构为主,非农型农户土木结构所占比例最大;农户分化对其居民点生产功能占地比例影响不大,农户非农化对其居民点居住功能影响较为显著,即农户非农化程度越高,其居民点居住功能越强;农户层面上居民点服务功能比例偏大是造成户均用地偏大和集约利用水平低下的重要因素,也是未来管制户均用地规模的重要突破口。

Analysis on characteristics of rural residential land at village level based on differentiation of rural household

Abstract: Scientific identification on the differentiate type of rural household and its evolution trend, is an important prerequisite and infrastructure work for the study of rural household's economic behaviors in the new period. Discussing the evolution process and trend of rural residential land at plot scale level under the background of rural household differentiation, can provide the basis for the direction and mode control of rural residential land. This paper took Guni Village, Chongkan Town, Tongnan County in Chongqing as a typical case study, from the 3 aspects of rural household income, employment occupation, and place of employment, and defined the differentiation type of rural household. Rural households in Guni Village had changed from homogenization led by planting and breeding industry to heterogeneity led by planting and breeding industry and non-agricultural technical management which was called rural household differentiation. Rural households in Guni Village were divided into 5 types, which were agricultural type, agriculture dominant type, locally non-agriculture dominant type, different-place non-agriculture dominant type and non-agricultural type. Rural households who were agricultural type and agriculture dominant type were about 56.21%, rural households who were locally non-agriculture dominant type were about 11.51%, and those who were different-place non-agriculture dominant type and non-agricultural type were about 32.28%. According to rural household differentiation and its type division, the interaction between rural household differentiation and rural residential land evolution was analyzed horizontally to understand the characteristics of rural residential land evolution at patch level based on rural residential land scale, form, internal function structure and location condition for different types. Rural households who were dominated by planting and breeding industry had a largest rural residential land per household, rural households who were dominated by non-agricultural industry and left their land and home had a largest rural residential land per capita, while rural households who were dominated by non-agricultural industry and left their lands but still stayed at home had the least rural residential land per household and per capita. Rural residential land used for non-agriculture industry and agriculture industry had the most complex spatial forms, while rural residential land used for locally non-agriculture industry and agriculture dominate industry had comparably simple spatial forms which trended to the regular square shape. House form was more compact and intensive for rural households who were locally non-agriculture industry type and agriculture dominate industry type, while house form was looser and more extensive for peasants who were agriculture type. Rural household differentiation had little influence on the proportion of rural residential land with production function, but the non-agriculture conversion of rural households had a high effect on the residential function of rural residential land. In another word, the higher the degree of non-agriculture, the stronger the residential function of rural residential land. Rural household differentiation type had less significance to the action mode of productive function for newly-added rural residential land, and service function of newly-added rural residential land, which was for non-agriculture dominate livelihood type, will gradually be weakened.