两种壳色福寿螺免疫功能的比较研究

为了解黑壳和黄壳福寿螺免疫功能的差异,本实验研究了氯硝柳胺对两种壳色福寿螺的急性毒性效应,并对四川地区黑壳福寿螺和黄壳福寿螺血细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(POX)、中性红(NRD)、脂类(PAS)和糖原(SBB)细胞化学染色的观察及中性红试验(NRRT)的差异进行了比较。结果显示,黑壳福寿螺对氯硝柳胺24 h和48 h的半致死浓度分别为0.77 mg/L和0.46 mg/L,均高于黄壳福寿螺。透明细胞和颗粒细胞的细胞化学染色阳性主要分布在细胞质,且颗粒细胞中的颗粒物质呈强烈阳性;黑壳福寿螺ACP、AKP、POX阳性比例均大于黄壳福寿螺,且前者AKP和POX阳性细胞比例显著大于后者,NRD和SBB着染程度和阳性比例均无显著差异,黑壳福寿螺PAS着染程度更为强烈。NRRT实验发现,黑壳福寿螺血细胞的中性红滞留时间(9.15 min)是黄壳福寿螺的1.8倍。研究表明,黑壳福寿螺对氯硝柳胺死亡率及血细胞AKP、POX、糖原成分及中性红滞留时间是影响其与黄壳福寿螺免疫功能差异的重要因素。

A comparison study on immune function characterization of two shell colours of golden apple snail(Pomacea canaliculata)

With the aim of exploring immunological difference between black and yellow shell-coloured Pomacea canaliculata,an acute toxicity test of niclosamide was carried out,and their mortality of niclosamide,the cytochemistry characterization and neutral red retention time(NRRT)of hemocytes were investigated in two kind of snails.The results showed the LC₅₀ value of niclosamide for the black-shell snails were 0.77 mg/L and 0.46 mg/L at 24 h and 48 h,and they were higher than the yellow-shell ones.Cytochemical stains(alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,peroxidase,sudan black B,periodic acid schiff,neutral red)showed that most of positive hemocytes were located in the cytoplasm,and the granulocytes were strongly stained.The percentage of positive hemocytes to ACP,AKP,POX of black snails was higher than that in the yellow ones,especially the value of AKP and POX(P<0.01).The intensity of PAS staining in the black snails was stronger than the yellow ones.However,there was no significant difference between NRD and SBB staining.NRRT indicated that the time of neutral red retention in hemocytes of black snails was 9.15 min,which was 1.8 times longer than the yellow ones.This implied that hemocytes of the black snails have higher lysosomal stability.Therefore,the susceptibility of niclosamide,AKP,POX,glycogen and lysosomal stability could affect the immunological function of P.canaliculata.