山西省主要农田施肥状况及典型县域农田养分平衡研究

根据山西省农业统计资料,结合实地调查和土壤测定数据,采用典型农户问卷调查的方式,研究了全省和3个典型县域农田施肥状况、养分平衡和土壤养分变化趋势。农户施肥状况调查结果表明,2000年山西省平均N肥用量为181.8Nkg/hm2,P肥用量为93.7P2O5kg/hm2,K肥用量为41.9K2Okg/hm2,N∶P∶K为1∶0.52∶0.23。从化肥的投向来看,水地的施用量明显高于旱地,蔬菜和果树的施用量高于粮食作物和其它经济作物。从3个典型县域农田养分平衡来看,1980年后随着N、P肥施用量的增加,农田N素和P素出现大量盈余,K素则处于亏缺状态。通过对第二次全国土壤普查和2000年土壤测定结果分析,了解了山西省近20年来土壤有效磷和速效钾的变化趋势,以及典型县域农田养分平衡状况对土壤养分变化的影响及特点。

Fertilizer Application Survey and Farmland Nutrient Balance of Representative Counties in Shanxi Province

According to statistical data of agriculture, analysis of soil samples and fertilizer application survey from farmhouses, it was studied for fertilizer application rate, farmland nutrient balance and change of soil nutrient in Shanxi. Results of surveying from farmhouse showed that the average application rate of mineral fertilizer in Shanxi was 181.8 N kg/hm~2, 93.7 P_2O_5 kg/hm~2 and 41.9 K_2O kg/hm~2 in the year of 2000. Ratio of NPK in the mineral fertilizer input was 10.520.23. It was found that fertilizer application rate on irrigation land was more than the rate on dryland, and the rate on the vegetable and fruit tree was more than the rate on food crops and cash crops. Results of nutrient balance from three counties showed that N, P in farmlands was obviously surplus with the increasing of N, P application from 1980, and K was deficient at all time. Meanwhile, comparing with content of soil nutrients between 2000 and the second soil survey in China, the change of available P and K in soils in Shanxi , and effects of nutrient balance on soil nutrients were realized in the three counties.