牛粪堆肥高温发酵微生物分离及堆肥效果

[目的]筛选出促进牛粪高效堆肥的高温微生物。[方法]采用平板稀释法,从新鲜牛粪中分离并纯化出9种出现频率高、繁殖速度快的优势嗜热菌（GX1、GX2、GX3、GX4、GX6、GX10、GF1、GF5、GZ1）,同时引入黄孢原毛平革菌。将10种菌株扩大繁殖以后,进行单菌种牛粪堆肥试验。通过观测堆肥过程温度变化,测定堆肥结束后各堆料的pH值、种子发芽指数以及纤维素、半纤维素含量,对各嗜热菌的堆肥效果进行分析。[结果]添加菌剂可以快速提高堆肥温度,促进牛粪发酵腐熟,缩短堆制时间;添加菌剂后堆料的纤维素和半纤维素的降解率明显提高。[结论]黄孢原毛平革菌以及北京农学院有机肥课题组自选菌株GX1、GX2、GX4更能提高牛粪堆肥效果。

Isolation of Thermophile Microorganism from Cow Dung and Effects on Cow Dung Composting

[Objective] The research aimed to screen thermophile Microorganism which could promote cow dung composting more efficiently.[Method]9 kinds of thermophile microorganisms with high emergence frequency and reproduction speed,named GX1,GX2,GX3,GX4,GX6,GX10,GF1,GF5 and GZ1,were isolated from cow dung by plate dilution method.Then 9 kinds of thermophile microorganisms and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were further propagated and inoculated into fresh cow dung separately.According to synthetically analysis by mearsuring the changes of the temperature during the composting process,pH value and seed germination index after composting,degradation rates of cellulose and hemicellulose,the composting effects were studied.[Result]Cow dung composting could be promoted by microorganisms,which played important roles in improving composting temperatures more quickly,promoting cow dung composting more mature,making composting time shorter,and the microorganisms significantly improved degradations of cellulose and hemi-cellulose in cow dung composting.[Conclusion] Phanerochaete chrysosporium and GX1,GX2,GX4 prepared by the laboratory had good effects for cow dung composting.