Effect of free air carbon dioxide enrichment combined with two nitrogen levels on growth,yield and yield quality of sugar beet: Evidence for a sink limitation of beet growth under elevated CO2 |
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| Authors: | Remy Manderscheid Andreas Pacholski Hans-Joachim Weigel |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biodiversity of the Heinrich von Thunen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Christian-Albrechts-University, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Chair of Agronomy and Crop Science, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;1. École Centrale Paris, Laboratoire de Mathématiques appliquées aux systèmes, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;2. Institut Technique de la Betterave, 45 rue de Naples, 75008 Paris, France;1. Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada;2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;3. Department of Forestry and Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;1. Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1;2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, 1235 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5;1. INRA, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, UMR 1248 AGIR, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;2. INRA, IRHS 1345, 42 rue George Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France |
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| Abstract: | The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration CO2] has been demonstrated to stimulate the growth of C3 crops. However, little information exists about the effect of elevated CO2] on biomass production of sugar beet, and data from field experiments are lacking. In this study, sugar beet was grown within a crop rotation over two rotation cycles (2001, 2004) at present and elevated CO2] (375 μl l?1 and 550 μl l?1) in a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system and at two levels of nitrogen supply high (N2), and 50% of high (N1)], in Braunschweig, Germany. The objective of the present study was to determine the CO2 effect on seasonal changes of leaf growth and on final biomass and sugar yield. Shading treatment was included to test whether sugar beet growth is sink limited under elevated CO2]. CO2 elevation did not affect leaf number but increased individual leaf size in early summer resulting in a faster row closure under both N levels. In late summer CO2 enrichment increased the fraction of senescent leaves under high but not low N supply, which contributed to a negative CO2 effect on leaf area index and canopy chlorophyll content under high N at final harvest. Petioles contained up to 40% water-soluble carbohydrates, which were hardly affected by CO2 but increased by N supply. More N increased biomass production by 21% and 12% in 2001 and 2004, respectively, while beet and sugar yield was not influenced. Concentration of α-amino N in the beet fresh weight was increased under low N and decreased under high N by CO2 enrichment. The CO2 response of total biomass, beet yield and white sugar yield was unaffected by N supply. Averaged over both N levels elevated CO2] increased total biomass by 7% and 12% in 2001 and 2004, respectively, and white sugar yield by 12% and 13%. The shading treatment in 2004 prevented the decrease in leaf area index under elevated CO2] and high N in September. Moreover, the CO2 effect on total biomass (24%) and white sugar yield (28%) was doubled as compared to the unshaded conditions. It is concluded that the growth of the storage root of sugar beet is not source but sink limited under elevated CO2], which minimizes the potential CO2 effect on photosynthesis and beet yield. |
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