新疆农业面源污染物排放量估算及分析

为了掌握新疆农业面源污染特征,以种植业和规模化养殖业为研究对象,根据新疆地区2005—2014年的农业统计资料,结合第一次全国污染源普查数据,采用源强系数法,估算了该区域农业面源污染物排放量,并分析了其空间分布特征。结果表明,10年间,新疆地区农业面源污染排放量整体呈逐年上升趋势,2014年该区域农业面源排放总量达到13.9万t,种植业源和养殖业源分别占44.78%和55.22%;化学需氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)是该区域农业面源污染的主要污染物,分别占污染物总量的49.2%和47%;牛和旱田分别是COD和TN的最大贡献源。新疆地区农业面源污染空间分布差异较大,主要集中在伊犁哈萨克自治州、新疆生产建设兵团、喀什地区、昌吉回族自治州和阿克苏地区。

Estimation and analysis of emissions from agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinjiang

The objective of this study was to analyze the current situation and characteristics of agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution in Xinjiang.This case study considered pollutant emissions from cropland,as well as those from livestock and poultry production.Pollutant emissions from ANPS were estimated using the source intensity coefficient method,based on farming statistics between 2005 and 2014 and the First National Pollution Source Census.The results showed that the emission of ANPS pollution increased annually.The total discharge of ANPS was 1.39×10⁵ t in 2014.Cropland accounted for 44.78% of the emissions,whereas livestock and poultry production accounted for 55.22%.Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) were the main pollutants,accounting for 49.2% and 47% of the total,respectively.Cattle and dryland crop production were the largest contributors to ANPS pollution,accounting for 55.34% of COD and 80.13% of TN.The ANPS pollution exhibited significant spatial distribution patterns in Xinjiang.The main areas contributing to ANPS pollution were the Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the Kashi Prefecture,the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,and the Aksu Prefecture.