塔里木河-孔雀河中下游地区棉花膜下滴灌施肥量研究

塔里木河—孔雀河中下游是我国最干旱缺水的地区之一,该区水资源95%以上为农业灌溉用水,主要灌溉方式为大水漫灌,水分损失量严重。为合理利用和节约有限的水资源,我们在2002~2003年进行棉花膜下滴灌用水量和氮、磷施肥量耦合试验。通过两年试验得出:在该区棉花膜下滴灌条件下,适宜的灌溉量为393mm(3931.5m3/hm2),施肥总量为301.6kghm2/标肥,最佳产量为3353.53kg/hm2/皮棉。比当地农民大水漫灌(生育期)节水8068-50683/hm2,节肥281.3kghm2/标肥,节肥率达48%。增产皮棉1103.53kg/hm2,证明膜下滴灌是一个节水、节肥、高产的灌溉方式,应该在塔里木河—孔雀河中下游地区推广。

Test of Drop Irrigation and Fertilozer Application to Cotton Growen in Middl-lower of Tarim River and Peacock River

The mid-lower area of Tarim river and peacock river is one of the most dry regions,95% of the water consumption is the agricultural irrigation water.The main irrigation method is flooding,and the water loses seriously.For the reasonable use of water resources,we carry on the test coupling nitrogen,phosphorus application with the drop irrigation in 2002-2003.Trials of two years showed: Under the condition that film is next to infuse,the suitable irrigation was 393mms,fertilizers was 301.6kg/hm~(2).The best yield was 3353.53kgs/hm~(2).Compareing the flooding that the local farmers always took the drop irrigation could save water 806.8-506.8mms,the fertilizer 281.3 kg/hm~(2).Cotton yield increased 1103.53 kgs/hm~(2).It was proved the film next infuse was the irrigation method that could save water,fertilizer and high production.