黑龙江省玉米施肥现状调查分析

2017年和2018年对黑龙江省大部分地区农户进行施肥现状问卷调查,结果表明,2017年和2018年黑龙江省玉米单位面积产量分别为6415 kg/hm2和6216 kg/hm2.两年农户平均施氮量分别为208 kg/hm2和197 kg/hm2,氮肥偏生产力分别为30.8 kg/kg和31.6 kg/kg,两年农户施氮...

Current Status of Fertilizer Application in Maize in Heilongjiang Province

A questionnaire survey was conducted among more than 500 farmers in most areas of Heilongjiang province in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that maize grain yield in Heilongjiang province was 6 415 kg/ha and 6 216 kg/ha in 2107 and 2018, respectively. The average nitrogen application rate was 208 kg/ha and 197 kg/ha, in 2107 and 2018, respectively. The partial factor productivity(PFP) for nitrogen fertilizer was 30.8 kg/kg and 31.6 kg/kg, in 2017 and 2018, respectively; 57.1% and 45.4% of the farmers applied excessive nitrogen fertilizer in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In 2017 and 2018, the average amounts of phosphate fertilizer were 78 kg/ha and 81 kg/ha, respectively, and the PFP for phosphate fertilizer were 78 kg/ha and 81 kg/ha, respectively. In the two years, 1.3% and 65.8% of the farmers applied phosphorus fertilizer in the optimum amount. The average potash application rate in 2017 and 2018 was 52 kg/ha and 55 kg/ha, and the PFP for potash were 123.4 kg/kg and 113.1 kg/kg, respectively. In the two years, 58.1% and 50.7% of farmers applied less than the optimum potassium fertilizer rate, respectively. So farmers in Heilongjiang province needs to increase the application rate of potassium fertilizer in general. In terms of fertilizer saving potential. It was estimated that overall 0.8 to 1 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.27 to 0.4 million tons of phosphate fertilizer could be reduced annually by optimizing fertilization in the province.