圆叶葡萄‘Noble’和欧亚种葡萄‘赤霞珠’叶片提取物对葡萄霜霉病的防治作用

为了明确不同抗性葡萄的叶片提取物对霜霉病的防治作用，以对葡萄霜霉病完全免疫的圆叶葡萄‘Noble’、感病欧亚种‘赤霞珠’的新、老叶片提取物为试材，设置不同的浓度梯度，检测其对孢子囊和游动孢子萌发的影响，同时测定其对霜霉病的室内防治作用。结果表明，两种葡萄叶片提取物对霜霉病菌的孢子囊和游动孢子的萌发均具有显著的抑制效果。叶片提取物浓度从10到50mg/mL增加时，孢子囊的萌发率显著低于对照组，且随着浓度的升高而显著下降。实验组游动孢子的萌发率显著低于对照组，同一品种中不同浓度的叶片提取物之间无显著差异，不同品种的提取物之间也是如此，但老叶提取物处理后的萌发率显著低于新叶。新、老叶片提取物浓度为10、25和50mg/mL时，浓度为10mg/mL的‘赤霞珠’老叶的防治效果为 95.0%，其余处理均为 100.0%，能显著提高室内防治效果。本实验表明‘Noble’和‘赤霞珠’叶片提取物均能显著降低霜霉菌孢子囊和游动孢子的萌发率，室内防治效果显著。

The control effect of leaf extract of Muscadine grape ' Noble ' and Eurasian species ' Cabernet Sauvignon ' on grape downy mildew

In order to clarify the control effect of leaf extracts of different resistant grapes on downy mildew, the new and old leaf extracts of '' Noble '' and '' Cabernet Sauvignon '' which were completely immune to grape downy mildew were used as test materials. Different concentration gradients were set to detect their effects on the germination of sporangia and zoospores, and their indoor control effects on downy mildew were also determined. The results showed that the two grape leaf extracts had significant control effects on the germination of sporangia and zoospores of downy mildew.When the concentration of leaf extract increased from 10 to 50 mg / mL, the germination rate of sporangia was significantly lower than that of the control group, and decreased significantly with the increase of concentration.The germination rate of zoospores in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference between different concentrations of leaf extracts in the same variety, and the same was true between different varieties of extracts, but the germination rate of old leaf extracts was significantly lower than that of new leaves. When the concentrations of extracts from new and old leaves were 10,25 and 50 mg / mL, the control effect of the old leaves of '' Cabernet Sauvignon '' with a concentration of 10 mg / mL was 95.0 %, and the other treatments were 100.0 %, which could significantly improve the indoor control effect. This experiment showed that the leaf extracts of '' Noble '' and '' Cabernet Sauvignon '' could significantly reduce the germination rate of sporangia and zoospores of downy mildew, and the indoor control effect was significant.