小兴安岭沾河林区狍冬季食物组分及其与单宁含量关系的初步分析

2010年1—2月和2011年1—2月,在黑龙江大沾河国家级自然保护区收集了227份狍的粪便样本和28种植物样本。采用野外观察和粪便显微分析2种方法对狍的食性进行研究。结果表明:1)2010年通过野外观察得到的食物组分的多样性(2.458)和均匀度(0.784)均高于粪便显微分析结果(多样性1.737,均匀度0.579),2011年粪便显微分析结果的多样性(2.230)高于野外观察结果(1.414),但均匀度(0.645)较野外观察结果(0.698)低;粪便显微分析和野外观察食物组分结果分析表明,桦木科和杨柳科植物是该地区狍种群的主要食物,二者占总食物组分的76%～89%。2)对2种方法得出的食物组分结果进行回归分析与比较,结果显示:粪便显微分析高估了2010年和2011年桦木科和榆科、2010年蔷薇科和锦葵科食物组分,低估了这2年杨柳科、禾本科、蓼科以及2010年蔷薇科和2011年锦葵科食物组分。2种方法在结果上有显著差异,且彼此不可替代。3)单宁与动物的食物组分没有明显的相关性,其原因有可能是该地区狍种群的取食行为不受植物中单宁的影响,或者是由于本研究仅测定了植物中总单宁的含量而非起决定性作用的鞣花单宁。 

Relationship between the composition and tannin content in winter food for roe deer at Zhanhe forest farm of Lesser Xingan Mountains

We collected 227 fecal samples of roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) and 28 plant species in January and February of 2010 and 2011, in Zhanhe forestry farm, Lesser Xingan Mountains of China. Then we analyzed the compositions of winter food for roe deer population using direct field observation ( DFO) and microscopic analysis of feces ( MAF) . Results showed that:1 ) The diversity ( 2. 458 ) and the evenness indices ( 0. 784 ) of food composition by DFO in 2010 were higher than those by MAF with diversity (1. 737) and the evenness index (0. 579). The diversity (2. 230) by MAF in 2011 was higher than that by DFO ( 1. 414 ); however, the evenness index ( 0. 645 ) by MAF was lower than that by DFO (0. 698). The results of food composition from the DFO and MAF revealed that Betulaceae and Salicaceae are the major food sources for ore deer population which accounted for 76%-89% of all. 2 ) We compared the results of food composition from the two methods by regressional analysis, and found that with MAF the compositions of Betulaceae and Ulmaceae in both 2010 and 2011 , Malvaceae and Rosaceae in 2010 were overestimated;however, Salicaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae in both two years as well as Rosaceae in 2010 and Malvaceae in 2011 were underestimated. There were significant differences in results between by DFO and MAF; however, DFO and MAF cannot be replaced by each other. 3 ) There was no significant correlation between tannins and the composition of food for roe deer. This might be because feeding behavior of roe deer is not affected by tannins in plants or this study only measured the content of total tannins but not deciding ellagitannins.